In atmospheric-pressure air preheated to 1000 K, nanosecond repetitively pulsed (NRP) discharges are shown to generate three plasma discharge regimes. In addition to the well-known corona and spark regimes, there exists a glow-like regime that develops through an initial cathode-directed streamer, followed by a return wave of potential redistribution. The applied electric field is then switched off before the formation of the cathode fall, resulting in an 'imminent' glow discharge. Previously, this regime had been observed only at 2000 K in air at atmospheric pressure. Measurements of the plasma dynamics, current–voltage characteristics, gas temperature and plasma chemistry of the excited species N2(B), N2(C), , NO(A) and O(3p 5P) in the pulsed glow regime are presented. Using 10 ns pulses applied repetitively at 30 kHz, we find that this glow regime generates an estimated electron number density of 1013 cm−3, while consuming only 1–10 µJ per pulse and heating the gas by less than 200 K.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0963-0252/19/6/065015/pdf

Nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharges in air at atmospheric pressure—the glow regime

Pulsed discharge plasma and its application is one of the promising directions in civilian areas of pulsed power technology. In order to promote the research and development of the theory and application technology for pulsed discharge plasma, in this paper, recent progress on the mechanism of nanosecond-pulse gas discharge and the characteristics and applications of typical pulsed plasma at the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences is reviewed. Firstly, progress on mechanism of nanosecond-pulse discharge based on runaway electrons and measurement technology of runaway electrons is introduced. Then, the characteristics of three typical discharges, including direct-driven pulsed discharge, pulsed dielectric barrier discharge and pulsed plasma jet, are reviewed. Furthermore, typical plasma applications of pulsed plasma on surface modification and methane conversion are presented.

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1049/hve.2016.0014

Atmospheric-pressure pulsed discharges and plasmas: mechanism, characteristics and applications

Surface modification of polyimide films using unipolar nanosecond-pulse DBD in atmospheric air

Recent advances of cold plasma technology for water and soil remediation: A critical review

Nanosecond pulsed plasma assisted dry reforming of CH4: The effect of plasma operating parameters

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) excitated by pulsed power is a promising method for producing nonthermal plasma at atmospheric pressure. Discharge characteristic in a DBD with salt water as electrodes by a home-made unipolar nanosecond-pulse power source is presented in this paper. The generator is capable of providing repetitive pulses with the voltage up to 30 kV and duration of 70 ns at a 300 Ω resistive load. Applied voltage and discharge current are measured under various experimental conditions. The DBD created between two liquid electrodes shows that the discharge is homogeneous and diffuse in the whole discharge regime. Spectra diagnosis is conducted by an optical emission spectroscopy. The air plasma has strong emission from nitrogen species below 400 nm, notably the nitrogen second positive system.

Generation of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma by Repetitive Nanosecond Pulses in Air Using Water Electrodes

Large-scale non-thermal plasmas generated by nanosecond-pulse discharges have been used in various applications, including surface treatment, biomedical treatment, flow control etc. In this paper, atmospheric-pressure diffuse discharge was produced by a homemade nanosecond-pulse generator with a full width at half maximum of 100 ns and a rise time of 70 ns. In order to increase the discharge area, multi-needle electrodes with a 3×3 array were designed. The electrical characteristics of the diffuse discharge array and optical images were investigated by the voltage-current waveforms and discharge images. The experimental results showed that the intensity of diffuse discharges in the center was significantly weaker than those at the margins, resulting in an inhomogeneous spatial uniformity in the diffuse discharge array. Simulation of the electric field showed that the inhomogeneous spatial uniformity was caused by the non-uniform distribution of the electric field in the diffuse discharge array. Moreover, the spatial uniformity of the diffuse discharge array could be improved by increasing the length of the needle in the centre of the array. Finally, the experimental results confirmed the simulation results, and the spatial uniformity of the nanosecond-pulse diffuse discharge array was significantly improved.

/pdf/improvement-of-spatial-uniformity-of-nanosecond-pulse-2eokpe35v1.pdf

Improvement of Spatial Uniformity of Nanosecond-Pulse Diffuse Discharges in a Multi-Needle-to-Plane Gap

Program-controlled pulse generator for repetitive nanosecond-pulse source

In order to perform data acquisition and avoid unwanted over-current damage to the power supply, a convenient and real-time method of experimentally investigating repetitive nanosecond-pulse breakdown in polymer dielectric samples is presented. The measurement-acquisition and control system not only records breakdown voltage and current, and time-to-breakdown duration, but also provides a real-time power-off protection for the power supply. Furthermore, the number of applied pulses can be calculated by the product of the time-to-breakdown duration and repetition rate. When the measured time-to-breakdown duration error is taken into account, the repetition rate of applied nanosecond-pulses should be below 40 kHz. In addition, some experimental data on repetitive nanosecond-pulse breakdown of polymer films are presented and discussed.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-1056/19/4/040601/pdf

Measurement and control for a repetitive nanosecond-pulse breakdown experiment in polymer films

A magnetic pulse compression system is presented which does not contain external remagnetization circuits that are commonly used in magnetic compressors.Principle of operation of the compressor is described.A thorough theoretical analysis of the circuit topology is presented.Equivalent circuits for two consecutive operation stages of the compressor accounting for nonlinear processes in magnetic switches are analyzed.Simulation results illustrate how inductance L2 affects the system.The experimental results obtained with a resistive load are well in agreement with the circuit simulation.To improve the matching,L2 is replaced with fast-recovering HV diode.The simulation and experiment show that the pulse voltage reverse amplitude and damped oscillation duration are reduced drastically.

Analysis of One-stage Magnetic Pulse Compression System

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