The Use of Immersive Technologies in Industry 4.0: A State-of-Art Review

This research reviews the main immersive technologies used in the scientific field of Industry 4.0. In the investigation, an account of the type of Industry 4.0 technology used in implementing these solutions has been made, as well as the same country where the investigations were carried out. Finally, immersive technologies require devices, platforms, and specific software to construct a program that compacts the 3D models and their programming to realize an entire immersive system.

Using a mobile device in a social context should not cause embarrassment and disruption to the immediate environment. Interaction with mobile and wearable devices needs to be subtle, discreet and unobtrusive. Therefore, we promote the idea of "intimate interfaces": discrete interfaces that allow control of mobile devices through subtle gestures in order to gain social acceptance. To achieve this goal, we present an electromyogram (EMG) based wearable input device which recognizes isometric muscular activity: activity related to very subtle or no movement at all. In the online experiment reported, the EMG device, worn on an armband around the bicep, was able to reliably recognize a motionless gesture without calibration or training across users with different muscle volumes. Hence, EMG-based input devices can provide an effective solution for designing mobile interfaces that are subtle and intimate, and therefore socially acceptable.

Toward Subtle Intimate Interfaces for Mobile Devices Using an EMG Controller

Manipulating virtual objects using our real hands is a great challenge for the virtual reality community. We present a master-slave hand system to naturally manipulate virtual objects with a user's hand. The master-slave hand system can obtain the position, orientation and finger joint angle of the user's hand, which is used to drive a dexterous virtual hand to interact with virtual environments. The dexterous virtual hand we modeled has analogous motion function of the real hand. Simplified virtual hand manipulation intentions we defined help to the dexterous virtual hand manipulating virtual objects conveniently. A virtual assembly system prototype validates that this master-slave hand system attains intuitive and flexible hands-on interaction with virtual environments.

A Master-Slave Hand System for Virtual Reality Interaction

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A Master-Slave Hand System for Virtual Reality Interaction