Let $b$ be a $BMO$-function. It is well-known that the linear commutator $[b, T]$ of a Calderon-Zygmund operator $T$ does not, in general, map continuously $H^1(\mathbb R^n)$ into $L^1(\mathbb R^n)$. However, Perez showed that if $H^1(\mathbb R^n)$ is replaced by a suitable atomic subspace $\mathcal H^1_b(\mathbb R^n)$ then the commutator is continuous from $\mathcal H^1_b(\mathbb R^n)$ into $L^1(\mathbb R^n)$. In this paper, we find the largest subspace $H^1_b(\mathbb R^n)$ such that all commutators of Calderon-Zygmund operators are continuous from $H^1_b(\mathbb R^n)$ into $L^1(\mathbb R^n)$. Some equivalent characterizations of $H^1_b(\mathbb R^n)$ are also given. We also study the commutators $[b,T]$ for $T$ in a class $\mathcal K$ of sublinear operators containing almost all important operators in harmonic analysis. When $T$ is linear, we prove that there exists a bilinear operators $\mathfrak R= \mathfrak R_T$ mapping continuously $H^1(\mathbb R^n)\times BMO(\mathbb R^n)$ into $L^1(\mathbb R^n)$ such that for all $(f,b)\in H^1(\mathbb R^n)\times BMO(\mathbb R^n)$, we have \begin{equation}\label{abstract 1} [b,T](f)= \mathfrak R(f,b) + T(\mathfrak S(f,b)), \end{equation} where $\mathfrak S$ is a bounded bilinear operator from $H^1(\mathbb R^n)\times BMO(\mathbb R^n)$ into $L^1(\mathbb R^n)$ which does not depend on $T$. In the particular case of $T$ a Calderon-Zygmund operator satisfying $T1=T^*1=0$ and $b$ in $BMO^{\rm log}(\mathbb R^n)$-- the generalized $\BMO$ type space that has been introduced by Nakai and Yabuta to characterize multipliers of $\BMO(\bR^n)$ --we prove that the commutator $[b,T]$ maps continuously $H^1_b(\mathbb R^n)$ into $h^1(\mathbb R^n)$. Also, if $b$ is in $BMO(\mathbb R^n)$ and $T^*1 = T^*b = 0$, then the commutator $[b, T]$ maps continuously $H^1_b (\mathbb R^n)$ into $H^1(\mathbb R^n)$. When $T$ is sublinear, we prove that there exists a bounded subbilinear operator $\mathfrak R= \mathfrak R_T: H^1(\mathbb R^n)\times BMO(\mathbb R^n)\to L^1(\mathbb R^n)$ such that for all $(f,b)\in H^1(\mathbb R^n)\times BMO(\mathbb R^n)$, we have \begin{equation}\label{abstract 2} |T(\mathfrak S(f,b))|- \mathfrak R(f,b)\leq |[b,T](f)|\leq \mathfrak R(f,b) + |T(\mathfrak S(f,b))|. \end{equation} The bilinear decomposition (\ref{abstract 1}) and the subbilinear decomposition (\ref{abstract 2}) allow us to give a general overview of all known weak and strong $L^1$-estimates.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00589824/document

Bilinear decompositions and commutators of singular integral operators

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The aim of this work is to describe main aspects of the modern theory of fractional differential equations, to present elements of classification of fractional differential equations, to formulate basic components of investigations related to fractional differential equations, to pose some open problems in the study of fractional differential equations. A survey of results by S.G. Samko on different problems of modern mathematical analysis is given. Main results of S.G. Samko having an essential influence on the establishing and development of the theory of fractional differential equations are singled out. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). Primary 26A33, 34A08, 35R11, 45P05, 47G40; Secondary 26-03, 45-03, 47-03.

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 , and their weighted versions. Moreover, the conditions of kernels are also essentially weakened. As applications, some necessary conditions for bounded commutators, which are new in the endpoint case, and several new characterizations of BMO spaces, Lipschitz spaces, and their weighted versions via boundedness of commutators in various function spaces are deduced.

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/pdf/boundedness-of-a-class-of-sublinear-operators-and-their-4dach9rvrk.pdf

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