In this review, state-of-the-art polymer electrolytes are discussed with respect to their electrochemical and physical properties for their application in lithium polymer batteries. We divide polymer electrolytes into the two large categories of solid polymer electrolytes and gel polymer electrolytes (GPE). The performance requirements and ion transfer mechanisms of polymer electrolytes are presented at first. Then, solid polymer electrolyte systems, including dry solid polymer electrolytes, polymer-in-salt systems (rubbery electrolytes), and single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes, are described systematically. Solid polymer electrolytes still suffer from poor ionic conductivity, which is lower than 10−5 S cm−1. In order to further improve the ionic conductivity, numerous new types of lithium salt have been studied and inorganic fillers have been incorporated into solid polymer electrolytes. In the section on gel polymer electrolytes, the types of plasticizer and preparation methods of GPEs are summarized. Although the ionic conductivity of GPEs can reach 10−3 S cm−1, their low mechanical strength and poor interfacial properties are obstacles to their practical application. Significant attention is paid to the incorporation of inorganic fillers into GPEs to improve their mechanical strength as well as their transport properties and electrochemical properties.

Polymer electrolytes for lithium polymer batteries

A review of lithium ion battery failure mechanisms and fire prevention strategies

Mixed transition-metal oxides (MTMOs), including stannates, ferrites, cobaltates, and nickelates, have attracted increased attention in the application of high performance lithium-ion batteries. Compared with traditional metal oxides, MTMOs exhibit enormous potential as electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries originating from higher reversible capacity, better structural stability, and high electronic conductivity. Recent advancements in the rational design of novel MTMO micro/nanostructures for lithium-ion battery anodes are summarized and their energy storage mechanism is compared to transition-metal oxide anodes. In particular, the significant effects of the MTMO morphology, micro/nanostructure, and crystallinity on battery performance are highlighted. Furthermore, the future trends and prospects, as well as potential problems, are presented to further develop advanced MTMO anodes for more promising and large-scale commercial applications of lithium-ion batteries.

Recent Developments and Understanding of Novel Mixed Transition-Metal Oxides as Anodes in Lithium Ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), with relatively high energy density and power density, have been considered as a vital energy source in our daily life, especially in electric vehicles. However, energy density and safety related to thermal runaways are the main concerns for their further applications. In order to deeply understand the development of high energy density and safe LIBs, we comprehensively review the safety features of LIBs and the failure mechanisms of cathodes, anodes, separators and electrolyte. The corresponding solutions for designing safer components are systematically proposed. Additionally, the in situ or operando techniques, such as microscopy and spectrum analysis, the fiber Bragg grating sensor and the gas sensor, are summarized to monitor the internal conditions of LIBs in real time. The main purpose of this review is to provide some general guidelines for the design of safe and high energy density batteries from the views of both material and cell levels. Safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density becomes more and more important in the future for EVs development. The safety issues of the LIBs are complicated, related to both materials and the cell level. To ensure the safety of LIBs, in-depth understanding of the safety features, precise design of the battery materials and real-time monitoring/detection of the cells should be systematically considered. Here, we specifically summarize the safety features of the LIBs from the aspects of their voltage and temperature tolerance, the failure mechanism of the LIB materials and corresponding improved methods. We further review the in situ or operando techniques to real-time monitor the internal conditions of LIBs.

/pdf/building-safe-lithium-ion-batteries-for-electric-vehicles-a-35800kw1rs.pdf

Building Safe Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles: A Review

Polymer electrolytes (PEs) are an essential component being used in most energy storage/conversion devices. The present review article on a brief history, advantage, and their brief application of polymer electrolyte systems. It consists of a glimpse on liquid, gel, and solid polymer electrolyte and a contrast comparison concerning benefits/disadvantages among the three. The article started with a brief introduction of polymer electrolytes followed by their varieties and extreme uses. The role of host polymer matrix by taking numerous examples of polymer electrolyte published by the different renowned group of the concerned field has been explored. The criteria for selection of appropriate host polymer, salt, inorganic filler/clay, and aprotic solvents to be used in polymer electrolyte have been discussed in detail. The mostly used polymer, salt, solvents, and inorganic filler/clay list has been prepared in order to keep the data bank at one place for new researchers. This article comprises different methodologies for the preparation of polymer electrolyte films. The different self-proposed mechanisms (like VTF, WLF, free volume theory, dispersed/intercalated mechanisms, etc.) have been discussed in order to explain the lithium ion conduction in polymer electrolyte systems. A numerous characterization techniques and their resulting analysis have been summarized from the different published reports at one place for better awareness of the scientific community/reader of the area.

Polymer electrolytes for lithium ion batteries: a critical study

Enhancement of electrochemical performance of Al-doped LiVPO4F using AlF3 as aluminum source

Distinct impact of cobalt salt type on the morphology, microstructure, and electrochemical properties of Co 3 O 4 synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

An Ostwald ripening-based route is proposed to prepare Ni-rich layered cathodes with Co-rich surface for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Commercially available Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 and spray pyrolysis derived porous Co3O4 are used as mixed precursors. During the lithiation reaction process under high-temperature, the porous Co3O4 microspheres scatter primary particles and spontaneously redeposit on the surface of Ni-rich spheres according to Ostwald ripening mechanism, forming the Ni-rich materials with Co-rich outer layers. When evaluated as cathode for LIBs, the resultant material shows ability to inhibit the cation disorder, relieves the phase transition from H2 to H3 and diminishes side reactions between the electrolyte and Ni-rich cathode material. As a result, the obtained material with Co-rich outer layers exhibits much more improved cycle and rate performance than the material without Co-rich outer layers. Particularly, NCM-Co-1 (molar ratio of Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2/Co3O4 is 60:1) delivers a reversible capacity of 159.2 mA h g−1 with 90.5% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1 C. This strategy provides a general and efficient way to produce gradient substances and to address the surface problems of Ni-rich cathode materials.

/pdf/an-ostwald-ripening-route-towards-ni-rich-layered-cathode-12w14z45rh.pdf

An Ostwald ripening route towards Ni-rich layered cathode material with cobalt-rich surface for lithium ion battery

Spray pyrolysis synthesis of nickel-rich layered cathodes LiNi1-2xCoxMnxO2 (x=0.075, 0.05, 0.025) for lithium-ion batteries

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and urea as a pore forming agent, respectively, were fabricated by phase inversion method. Physicochemical properties of the as-prepared polymer electrolytes were characterized by SEM, XRD, TG, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The results showed that the GPE membranes using urea as pore forming agent present a uniform surface with abundant interconnected micro-pores and possess upto 330 °C decomposition temperature; the XRD patterns indicate that adding urea into the polymer matrix can attain more amorphous areas than adding PVP; the reciprocal temperature dependence of ionic conductivity of as-prepared GPEs follows Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher relation and the ionic conductivity at room temperature is 2.212 mS cm−1 for PVP pore forming GPEs and 2.823 mS cm−1 for urea pore forming GPEs, respectively; the interfacial resistance of the Li/GPEs/Li cell using urea as pore forming agent can achieve a quick steady value of about 660 Ω cm−1 lower than that of PVP of about 760 Ω cm−1 during the same storage conditions; the electrochemical stability window of the GPEs with urea can be stable upto 5.0 V (vs. Li+/Li) at room temperature. The battery performance of the assembled Li/GPEs/LiCoO2 coin cell also showed that the cell using urea as pore forming agent in GPEs demonstrated excellent first charge/discharge rate and cycle performances. These excellent physicochemical and battery properties indicated that urea can be used as a kind of excellent pore forming agent for polymer electrolytes in the lithium-ion polymer battery.

Performance of PVDF-HFP-based gel polymer electrolytes with different pore forming agents

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Yan Li

Author Tools

Chat about Author