With the enormous development of the electric vehicle market, fast charging battery technology is highly required. However, the slow kinetics and lithium plating under fast charging condition of traditional graphite anode hinder the fast charging capability of lithium‐ion batteries. To develop anode materials with rapid Li‐ions diffusion capability and fast reaction kinetics has received widely attentions. This review summarizes the current status in the exploration of fast charging anode materials, mainly including the critical challenge of achieving fast charging capability, the inherent structures and lithium storage mechanisms of various anode materials, as well as the recent progress to improve the rate performance involving morphology regulation, structure design, surface/interface modification, as well as forming multiphase systems. Finally, the challenges and future directions of developing fast charging Li‐ion batteries are highlighted.

Fast Charging Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Current Status and Perspectives

Silicon, as one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIB), is intensively researched. Although various efforts is devoted to addressing major issues of silicon anodes, the intrinsic low conductivity and tremendous volume change still hinder its further real practical applications. Constructing carbon–silicon hybrid materials is regarded as the powerful strategy to improve the electrochemical lithium storage performance of silicon, in which the component dimensional variations and the dimensional hybridization way play critical roles in improving lithium storage performances. Carbon–silicon hybrids are classified herein, based on dimensional variations of silicon and carbon, and the latest representative progresses on carbon–silicon hybrids following such classifications are elaborated, with emphasis on the involved dimensional design formulas, the resultant synergistic effects, and the potential in performance enhancement. To conclude, the future directions and prospects in the field are discussed, providing insight into the rational design and scalable construction of advanced carbon–silicon hybrids and electrode systems for practical LIB.

Dimensionally Designed Carbon–Silicon Hybrids for Lithium Storage

Niobium-based oxides including Nb2 O5 , TiNbx O2+2.5x compounds, M-Nb-O (M = Cr, Ga, Fe, Zr, Mg, etc.) family, etc., as the unique structural merit (e.g., quasi-2D network for Li-ion incorporation, open and stable Wadsley- Roth shear crystal structure), are of great interest for applications in energy storage systems such as Li/Na-ion batteries and hybrid supercapacitors. Most of these Nb-based oxides show high operating voltage (>1.0 V vs Li+ /Li) that can suppress the formation of solid electrolyte interface film and lithium dendrites, ensuring the safety of working batteries. Outstanding rate capability is impressive, which can be derived from their fast intercalation pseudocapacitive kinetics. However, the intrinsic poor electrical conductivity hinders their energy storage applications. Various strategies including structure optimization, surface engineering, and carbon modification are effectively used to overcome the issues. This review provides a comprehensive summary on the latest progress of Nb-based oxides for advanced electrochemical energy storage applications. Major impactful work is outlined, promising research directions, and various performance-optimizing strategies, as well as the energy storage mechanisms investigated by combining theoretical calculations and various electrochemical characterization techniques. In addition, challenges and perspectives for future research and commercial applications are also presented.

Niobium-Based Oxides Toward Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage: Recent Advances and Challenges

In situ catalytic growth 3D multi-layers graphene sheets coated nano-silicon anode for high performance lithium-ion batteries

Carbon nitrides (including CN, C2N, C3N, C3N4, C4N, and C5N) are a unique family of nitrogen-rich carbon materials with multiple beneficial properties in crystalline structures, morphologies, and electronic configurations. In this review, we provide a comprehensive review on these materials properties, theoretical advantages, the synthesis and modification strategies of different carbon nitride-based materials (CNBMs) and their application in existing and emerging rechargeable battery systems, such as lithium-ion batteries, sodium and potassium-ion batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, lithium oxygen batteries, lithium metal batteries, zinc-ion batteries, and solid-state batteries. The central theme of this review is to apply the theoretical and computational design to guide the experimental synthesis of CNBMs for energy storage, i.e., facilitate the application of first-principle studies and density functional theory for electrode material design, synthesis, and characterization of different CNBMs for the aforementioned rechargeable batteries. At last, we conclude with the challenges, and prospects of CNBMs, and propose future perspectives and strategies for further advancement of CNBMs for rechargeable batteries.

/pdf/dft-guided-design-and-fabrication-of-carbon-nitride-based-3ps4ikcr1e.pdf

DFT-Guided Design and Fabrication of Carbon-Nitride-Based Materials for Energy Storage Devices: A Review

Remarkable volume changes (>300%) and poor electrical conductivity hinder the commercial application of silicon in lithium ion batteries despite the fact that it delivers a high theoretic capacity of 4200 mA h g−1. Thus, a novel Si@rGO/g-C3N4 hybrid with a 3D porous sandwiched architecture, where silicon nanoparticles are anchored uniformly onto a rGO/g-C3N4 hybrid matrix via interface chemical bonding, is synthesized by a facile combined method of template-free self-assembly and heat-treatment. This sandwiched Si@rGO/g-C3N4 hybrid anode material exhibits a high reversible capacity of 1354.8 mA h g−1 at 0.1C and an ultra-long cycle life of 1000 cycles at 0.5C. A capacity loss of only 0.019% per cycle at 0.5C is achieved with a coulombic efficiency of 99.8%, even after 1000 cycles. The outstanding cycling performance could be attributed to the interface bonding between the surface Si NPs (silicon nanoparticles) and N-doped rGO/g-C3N4, which not only creates inert domains for controllable lithium ion intercalation, but also configures a relatively stable mechanical structure on cycling. The reported approach provides a viable strategy to synthesise ultra-long-life silicon anode materials.

Ultra-long life Si@rGO/g-C3N4 with a multiply synergetic effect as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Hierarchical Ti-Nb oxide microspheres with synergic multiphase structure as ultra-long-life anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Self-templated hierarchical TiO2@C microrods with synergic battery/capacitor hybrid energy storage: Toward ultra-long cycling life and outstanding rate performance

The invention discloses a silicon embedded redox graphene/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material, preparation and application thereof. The silicon embedded redox graphene/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material comprises a redox graphene/graphite phase carbon nitride composite matrix serving as the base material, nano-silicon spheres that act as the active centre and are evenlydispersed and embedded in the lamellar gap of the redox graphene/graphite phase carbon nitride composite matrix, and a carbon layer that is located on the surfaces of the nano-silicon spheres and canstrengthen the chemical bonding force between the active centre and the base material. The silicon embedded redox graphene/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material provided by the invention has good electrochemical cycle performance, excellent compatibility and structural stability, can give play to good synergistic effect between the components, also has high batch stability, and is easyfor large-scale production.

Silicon embedded redox graphene/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material, preparation and application thereof

Sandwich-Type Si@C/rGO Composite Stabilized by Polyetherimide-Derived Interface with Efficient Lithium Storage and High Rate Performance

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