As a recycling use of waste activated sludge (WAS), we used high-temperature pyrolysis of WAS to support bimetallic Fe-Mn with nitrogen (N) co-doping (FeMn@N-S), a customized composite catalyst that activates peroxysulphate (PS) for the breakdown of tetracycline (TC). First, the performance of TC degradation was evaluated and optimized under different N doping, pH, catalyst dosages, PS dosages, and contaminant concentrations. Activating PS with FeMn@N-S caused the degradation of 91% of the TC in 120 min. Next, characterization of FeMn@N-S by XRD, XPS and FT-IR analysis highlights N doping is beneficial to take shape more active sites and reduces the loss of Fe and Mn during the degradation reaction. As expected, the presence of Fe-Mn bimetallic on the catalyst surface increases the rate of electron transfer, promoting the redox cycle of the catalyst. Other functional groups on the catalyst surface, such as oxygen-containing groups, accelerated the electron transfer during PS activation. Free radical quenching and ESR analysis suggest that the main contributor to TC degradation is surface-bound SO4•-, along with the presence of single linear oxygen (1O2) oxidation pathway. Finally, the FeMn@N-S composite catalyst exhibits excellent pH suitability and reusability, indicating a solid practicality of this catalyst in PS-based removal of antibiotics from wastewater. 

Nitrogen doped bimetallic sludge biochar composite for synergistic persulfate activation: Reactivity, stability and mechanisms

The traditional treatments of dye wastewater exist obvious drawbacks of low efficiency but high energy consumption. To solve this problem, based on the concept of combining degradation and separation, an integrated process of TiMn oxides catalytic ozonation and ceramic membranes (CM) was proposed to degrade dye wastewater in this paper. Specifically, TiO2/MnO2 hybrid catalysts were loaded on the surface of CM with a spraying printing method to prepare a reactive ceramic membrane (TiO2/MnO2-CM). The degradation efficiency and permeate flux of the TiO2/MnO2-CM + O3 system on Rhodamine B (RhB) were investigated. The SEM results illustrated that the catalyst was successfully loaded on the surface of CM. Additionally, the degradation efficiency of RhB was 100 % in 40 min under the conditions of catalyst spray layers 12, ozone concentration 2.5 g/cm3, and initial concentration of RhB 20 mg/L, and the permeate flux of TiO2/γ-MnO2-CM was as high as 125.399 kg/ (m2·h). Supplementarily, the study revealed that TiO2/γ-MnO2-CM could increase the concentration of ozone in water and catalyze ozone to produce more hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and the concentration of dissolved ozone was 0.7545 mg/L, •OH 68.16 μmol/L respectively. Eventually, the catalytic ozonation TiO2/γ-MnO2-CM device was scaled up, which treated 96 L RhB with a degradation efficiency of 100 % in 50 min. The work gives a solid foundation and scientific value for the industrial application of reactive CM in water or wastewater treatment. 

Efficient degradation of dye wastewater by catalytic ozonation reactive ceramic membrane with facile spraying of nano Ti Mn oxides: A pilot scale attempt

Enhanced degradation of extracellular polymeric substances by yeast in activated sludge to achieve sludge reduction

Enhanced degradation of extracellular polymeric substances by yeast in activated sludge to achieve sludge reduction.

Consumers are the starting point for power battery recycling, but it is still unclear what influences their choice of formal recycling channels. Through a structural equation model, this study explored the effects of recycling channels (online and offline), policy incentives, and environmental awareness on young consumers' intention and behavior towards formal power battery recycling (PBR). Our findings reveal the following: (1) There is a significant difference in the distribution of latent variable scores, with an average score ranging between 2.85 and 4.87, with the score for perceived convenience being the lowest. (2) Both online and offline recycling channels improve young consumers' perceived convenience, with a greater effect from offline recycling channels. Perceived convenience mediates the relationship between offline recycling and formal recycling intention. Policy incentives and environmental awareness also significantly increase consumers' intention to formal PBR. (3) Multivariate analysis of gender, age, and income shows that offline recycling channels have a significant positive effect on the perceived convenience of male consumers in choosing formal PBR. In contrast, online recycling channels have a significant positive effect on the perceived convenience of female consumers. Offline recycling channels have a significant positive effect on the perceived convenience of consumers below the age of 30. Online recycling channels significantly affect the perceived convenience of low-income consumers (≤200,000 yuan), while the effect on high-income groups is insignificant. The results of this study can better clarify the mechanism of consumers' choices of formal PBR, providing a basis for the government and enterprises to develop policy measures. 

Do recycling channels affect young consumers' choices for formal power battery recycling?

A multi-stage pressurized vertical electro-osmotic dewatering (MS-PVEOD) were designed to break through the dewaterability limit of pressurized vertical electro-osmotic dewatering (PVEOD) process and reduce energy consumption (EC). The effects of mechanical pressure and voltage on sludge moisture content (MC) are studied. The sludge MC can be reduced to 44.6 % and 54.7 % respectively after MS-PVEOD (0–2–3.5 MPa) and PVEOD (2–2–2 MPa) process dewatering under 40 V, and the total EC of the former is 33 % lower than that of the latter. The sludge morphology, electric current, protein (PN) and polysaccharide (PS) content and fluorescence spectrum of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were analyzed. The PN/PS of the sludge treated by the MS-PVEOD process is 16.3 % higher than that of the PVEOD process, and 20.0 % higher than that of the raw sludge (RS). The three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum (3D-EEM) showed that the fluorescence of hydrophilic fulvic acid and humus decreased more than that of hydrophobic tryptophan protein and tyrosine protein. The present work may be helpful to understand the dewatering mechanism of MS-PVEOD and provides some useful technical guidance for the industrial application of efficient deep dewatering of sludge. 

Understanding mechanism of improved-dewatering of waste activated sludge by multi-stage pressurized vertical electro-osmotic

Sludge based catalysts (SBCs) has been considered as a promising and viable approach to sludge reclamation. Herein, we fabricated bimetallic Fe-Ti doped SBCs via a facile synthesis with sludge containing polyacrylamide (PAM) as N-precursor. The adsorption capacity and degradation efficiency of as-synthesized SBCs were assessed using tetracycline (TC) as a target pollutant, in which PAM in sludge played a dual role by promoting porosity, active sites, and structural defects beneficial for persulfate (PS) activation. Fe-Ti doping induced the activation of PS by a fast redox cycle of Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ associated with the coexistence of Ti 4+ /Ti 3+ , which enabled an efficient electron transfer between the catalyst and PS. The synergistic effect of PAM-derived N doping and Fe-Ti bimetals resulted in prevention of iron leaching and enhanced catalyst stability over a wide pH range. The surface SO 4 •− was the primary oxidant in the TC degradation process based on free-radical quenching experiments, and degradation pathways of TC were proposed given the intermediate evidence from UPLC-HRMS analysis. This study promotes the reclamation of PAM-containing sludge providing an eco-friendly and efficient process to activate PS for wastewater treatments. • An efficient, recyclable sludge-based catalyst (SBC) was fabricated for persulfate activation • Polyacrylamide (PAM) contributed to high porosity and structural defects for SBC • The coexistence of Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ and Ti 4+ /Ti 3+ promoted electron transfer • A synergistic effect of PAM and Fe-Ti bimetals was observed • The FeTi-PSBC catalyst exhibited excellent stability and reusability 

Fe-Ti bimetals catalyst derived from biowaste for highly efficient persulfate activation: Performance and mechanisms

The vulnerability of the water-energy-food-ecology nexus in the Yangtze River Economic Belt greatly impacts regional sustainable development. This study aimed to conduct a quantitative assessment and temporal and spatial evolution analysis of the vulnerability of the water-energy-food-ecology nexus in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2018 and diagnose the main factors that hinder the vulnerability reduction. Firstly, the vulnerability assessment index system was constructed according to the Vulnerability-Scoping-Diagram framework. Then, SPA-TOPSIS and ArcGIS10.7 were comprehensively used to evaluate the vulnerability of the water-energy-food-ecology nexus. Finally, the obstacle degree model was used to diagnose the main factors that hinder the vulnerability reduction of the water-energy-food-ecology nexus from the index and subsystem levels. The results showed that the vulnerability level of the water-energy-food-ecology nexus in the Yangtze River Economic Belt decreased from 2008 to 2018, and the overall trend was improved. The vulnerability level of the upstream region was generally lower than that of the middle and lower reaches. The main obstacles are the comprehensive utilization rate of solid waste, the primary industry energy consumption ratio, energy consumption intensity, water consumption per 10,000-yuan GDP, domestic water consumption per capita and fertilizer application per unit grain sowing area. The energy subsystem is the primary obstacle system, followed by the food, ecology, and water subsystem.

Spatio-Temporal Evolution Measurement
and Obstacle Factors of the Vulnerability
of Water-Energy-Food-Ecology Nexus
in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

With the increase in the number of waste power batteries and the occurrence of related environmental problems, battery recycling is receiving extensive attention. Driven by economic benefits, many companies have begun to deploy the waste battery processing market and government subsidies also play an essential role in battery recycling. Considering the vehicle company outsources processing tasks or invests in research and development (R&D), this paper studies the optimal decision-making problem of the supply chain under government subsidy to the battery manufacturer or the battery manufacturer. The research finds that: (1) For the government, when the vehicle company outsources processing tasks, compared with subsidizing the vehicle company, the total recycling volume when subsidizing the battery manufacturer is higher. When the vehicle company invests in R&D, the total recycling volume under different government subsidy strategies is equal. (2) The vehicle company’s decision is only related to its processing costs; when the unit processing cost is low, the vehicle company’s profit under the strategy of investing in R&D is higher. However, when the unit processing cost is high, the profit of outsourcing processing tasks is higher. (3) With increase in unit subsidy and decrease in unit processing cost, the total recycling volume will increase. These findings can provide decision-making help for the government in formulating subsidy policies and the vehicle company in determining processing strategies in the future.

/pdf/vehicle-companys-decision-making-to-process-waste-batteries-1v57bpjf.pdf

Vehicle Company’s Decision-Making to Process Waste Batteries: A Game Research under the Influence of Different Government Subsidy Strategies

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Papers

Understanding mechanism of improved-dewatering of waste activated sludge by multi-stage pressurized vertical electro-osmotic

Fe-Ti bimetals catalyst derived from biowaste for highly efficient persulfate activation: Performance and mechanisms

Spatio-Temporal Evolution Measurement and Obstacle Factors of the Vulnerability of Water-Energy-Food-Ecology Nexus in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Vehicle Company’s Decision-Making to Process Waste Batteries: A Game Research under the Influence of Different Government Subsidy Strategies