Biosensors with high sensitivity, selectivity and a low limit of detection, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of biomolecules, are important to the medical sciences and healthcare industry for evaluating physiological and metabolic parameters. Over the last decade, different nanomaterials have been exploited to design highly efficient biosensors for the detection of analyte biomolecules. The discovery of graphene has spectacularly accelerated research on fabricating low-cost electrode materials because of its unique physical properties, including high specific surface area, high carrier mobility, high electrical conductivity, flexibility, and optical transparency. Graphene and its oxygenated derivatives, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are becoming an important class of nanomaterials in the field of biosensors. The presence of oxygenated functional groups makes GO nanosheets strongly hydrophilic, facilitating chemical functionalization. Graphene, GO and rGO nanosheets can be easily combined with various types of inorganic nanoparticles, including metals, metal oxides, semiconducting nanoparticles, quantum dots, organic polymers and biomolecules, to create a diverse range of graphene-based nanocomposites with enhanced sensitivity for biosensor applications. This review summarizes the advances in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based nanocomposites as emerging electrochemical and fluorescent biosensing platforms for the detection of a wide range of biomolecules with enhanced sensitivity, selectivity and a low limit of detection. The biofunctionalization and nanocomposite formation processes of graphene-based materials and their unique properties, surface functionalization, enzyme immobilization strategies, covalent immobilization, physical adsorption, biointeractions and direct electron transfer (DET) processes are discussed in connection with the design and fabrication of biosensors. The enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions on graphene-based nanocomposite surfaces for glucose- and cholesterol-related electrochemical biosensors are analyzed. This review covers a very broad range of graphene-based electrochemical and fluorescent biosensors for the detection of glucose, cholesterol, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nucleic acids (DNA/RNA), genes, enzymes, cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), cancer biomarkers, pathogenic microorganisms, food toxins, toxic heavy metal ions, mycotoxins, and pesticides. The sensitivity and selectivity of graphene-based electrochemical and fluorescent biosensors are also examined with respect to interfering analytes present in biological systems. Finally, the future outlook for the development of graphene based biosensing technology is outlined.

/pdf/a-review-on-graphene-based-nanocomposites-for-3tflsf8hnn.pdf

A review on graphene-based nanocomposites for electrochemical and fluorescent biosensors

This review explores the features and corresponding application of ZIF-67 and its derivatives. Thermally and chemically stable zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) materials have received extensive research and application interest. In particular, ZIF-67 can be synthesized by a facile and environmentally friendly organic synthesis method. The nanostructures and mean particle sizes of ZIF-67 can be adjusted by controlling experimental conditions carefully. The resulting ZIF-67 possesses the characteristics of a tunable pore aperture, highly stable structure, catalytic activity and so on. Furthermore, by combining the advantages of ZIF-67 and various components or structures, the resulting compounds have a potentially better performance than pure ZIF-67. Therefore, ZIF-67 and its derivatives have aroused great interest of scientists and have the potential to be applied to gas adsorption, molecular separation, electrochemistry, catalysis and so on.

The application of ZIF-67 and its derivatives: adsorption, separation, electrochemistry and catalysts

Metal-organic framework-based materials as an emerging platform for advanced electrochemical sensing

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), a new class of crystalline porous materials, can be applied in many fields as adsorbents, supercapacitors, catalysts, and so on because of, among others, their superior properties of large surface area, tunable pore size, diverse structures. However, the low stability and selectivity of traditional MOFs indicate that they are not the best configuration for the applications outlined above. In this case, a type of composite made from an assembly of graphene‐based materials and MOFs that exhibits the advantages of the parent materials has attracted widespread attention in recent years. This review provides an overview of the recent developments of MOF/graphene‐based materials, focusing on their applications in gas separation/storage, water purification, chemical sensors, batteries, supercapacitors, and catalysts, as well as their preparation methods.

Metal-Organic Frameworks/Graphene-Based Materials: Preparations and Applications

Biosensor development includes the deposition of (nano)materials onto a conductive electrode surface, which is a crucial step for obtaining improved performance from the constructed biosensors. Various methods have been used to create a successful matrix of (nano)materials that ensures proper contact between the material and electrode surface. The purpose of (nano)material deposition is to provide a high surface area to improve the electroanalytical performance of biosensors by supporting the stable immobilization of enzymes in a more significant quantity as well as enhancing the catalytic or bioaffinity features. For decades, researchers have been using increasingly advanced methods not only for improving sensing performance, but also for improving stability, reproducibility, and mass production. In this review, we summarized the methods used for (nano)material deposition onto an electrode surface for efficient biosensor fabrication. An enhanced and optimized (nano)material deposition method is crucial for the mechanical stability and fabrication reproducibility of electrodes when designing a suitable biosensing device. In addition, we discussed the problems faced during biosensor application as well as the present challenges and prospects for superior deposition methods.

Deposition of nanomaterials: A crucial step in biosensor fabrication

Detection of dopamine at graphene-ZIF-8 nanocomposite modified electrode

Resin Transfer in Oil-water Interface Intensified by H2O2 and Demulsifier for Efficient Water Separation in Tight Oil

A facile and green electrochemical method for the fabrication of three-dimensional porous nitrogen-doped graphene (3DNG) modified electrode was reported. This method embraces two consecutive steps: First, 3D graphene/polypyrrole (ERGO/PPy) composite was prepared by electrochemical co-deposition of graphene and polypyrrole on a gold foil. Subsequently, the ERGO/PPy composite modified gold electrode was annealed at high temperature. Thus 3DNG modified electrode was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the electrode. The electrode exhibits excellent electroanalytical performance for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). By linear sweep voltammetric measurement, the cathodic peak current was linearly proportional to H2O2 concentration in the range from 0.6 μM to 2.1 mM with a sensitivity of 1.0 μA μM−1 cm−2. The detection limit was ascertained to be 0.3 μM. The anti-interference ability, reproducibility and stability of the electrode were carried out and the electrode was applied to the detection of H2O2 in serum sample with recoveries from 98.4 % to 103.2 %.

Electrochemically Prepared Three-dimensional Porous Nitrogen-doped Graphene Modified Electrode for Non-enzymatic Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide

A polypyrrole microbowl with dimensionally confined graphene is fabricated through electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole with a gas bubble template and reduction of graphene oxide in situ. The unique assembly of graphene within the polypyrrole microbowl presents much enhanced sensor performance, which will be attractive as a micro detection system, in which only a few microliter sample solution is needed.

Dimensional confinement of graphene in a polypyrrole microbowl for sensor applications

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Yamin Qi

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Detection of dopamine at graphene-ZIF-8 nanocomposite modified electrode

Resin Transfer in Oil-water Interface Intensified by H2O2 and Demulsifier for Efficient Water Separation in Tight Oil

Electrochemically Prepared Three-dimensional Porous Nitrogen-doped Graphene Modified Electrode for Non-enzymatic Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide

Dimensional confinement of graphene in a polypyrrole microbowl for sensor applications