We present the assembly and preliminary results of a prototype detector, which was developed to evaluate the performance of the Topmetal-II − for application in Soft X-ray Polarimeter (SXP). SXP is used to measure the polarization of X-rays emitted from randomly occurring gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and other specific dense celestial bodies. The Topmetal-II − is a silicon pixel sensor designed to directly track charged particles. The test was conducted on a gas mixture of Ne and DME at 0.8 atm pressure, and the Topmetal-II − sensor was used to image the photoelectron tracks. Typical real X-ray tracks obtained under four conditions are presented in this paper. The modulation factor derived from the tracks of 100% polarized 4.5 keV X-rays reached ∼ 29% at ∼ 53% signal efficiency, with a residual modulation of the order of ∼ 2% for unpolarized 5.9 keV X-rays.

Preliminary test of topmetal-II − sensor for X-ray polarization measurements

Simulation and photoelectron track reconstruction of soft X-ray polarimeter

We investigate the inhomogeneous invariance quantum group of the d-dimensional d-parameter deformed boson algebra. It is found that the homogeneous part of this quantum group is given by the d-parameter deformed general linear group. We construct the R-matrix which collects all information about the non-commuting structure of the quantum group for the two-dimensional case.

Inhomogeneous Quantum Invariance Group of Multi-Dimensional Multi-parameter Deformed Boson Algebra

THick Gaseous Electron Multiplier (THGEM) has many advantages while the moderate position resolution is regarded as the main inferiority comparing with the traditional GEM, so this limits the applications of THGEM, such as X-ray imaging and charge particle tracking. By improving the production techniques, THGEMs with smaller pitch and hole diameter can be made, i.e., 0.4 and 0.15 mm by mechanical drilling, and 0.3 and 0.1 mm by laser etching, respectively. Based on the new THGEMs, a two-dimensional imaging detector with 50
 $$\times $$
 50mm sensitive area was developed for 0.1 $$\sim $$
 50 MeV low-energy electrons detection and reaching better than 100
 $$\upmu $$
 m position resolution (sigma). At the same time, a set of front-end electronics was developed based on homemade ASIC chips, i.e., Charge Amplifier and Shaping Amplifier for GEM (CASAGEM), and applied successfully to the detector. The X-ray and beam tests results indicate that both detector and Front End Electronics (FEE) worked well, and the position resolution achieved 74.9
 $$\upmu $$
 m by using the charge center-of-gravity method. This indicates that the high-position resolution THGEM is promising for imaging and tracking application.

Development and study of an imaging detector based on high-position resolution THGEM

A new thermal neutron detector with a domestically produced THGEM (Thick Gas Electron Multiplier) was developed as an alternative to He-3 to meet the needs of the next generation of neutron facilities. One type of Au-coated THGEM was designed specifically for neutron detection. A detector prototype has been developed and the preliminary experimental tests are presented, including the performance of the Au-coated THGEM working in Ar/CO2 gas mixtures and the neutron imaging test with Cf-353 source, which can provide the reference for experimental data for research in the future.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-1137/39/5/056002/pdf

Experimental research on a THGEM-based thermal neutron detector

A thinner-THGEM (Thick Gas Electron Multiplier) with a thickness of 200 μm and small rim has been produced by high speed drilling and global etching. Some performances have been studied and the working conditions have been tested and selected, using various Ar and Ne based gas mixtures. Gain values above 3×10 3 under relatively low working voltage, energy resolution of 15.9% with 5.9 keV X-rays and good gain stability are obtained. Using Monte Carlo simulation, the dependence of the energy resolution on drift electric field was analyzed and compared with experimental results.

The performance of thinner-THGEM

Thick gas electron multipliers (THGEMs) are new types of gas detectors with merits such as a high counting rate, anti-radiation, high gain, robustness and relatively low cost. We establish an up-down THGEM detector hodoscope system for detecting and displaying muon tracks. Muon tracks can be well observed with the detectors and the present study lays an important technological foundation for the domestic and mass production of THGEMs.

A Cosmic-Ray Muon Hodoscope Based on Up-down THGEM Detectors

THGEM with resistive Kapton electrodes (RETGEM) has been developed to make the THGEM more tolerant to discharges. At higher gains with resistive electrodes, serious discharges may travel to the streamer mode, in contrast to violent sparks in conventional GEMs. These streamers are mild and less dangerous to the detector and the front-end electronics. RETGEM looks very promising, and its basic properties are being studied. Recently we developed and tested the THGEM with electrodes using 20 um thick resistive kapton foils. The new RETGEM performs at a lower discharge current, has a lower discharge probability, and has a good energy resolution of 27% and a high effective gas gain and long-term stability.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-1137/35/12/007/pdf

Performances of RETGEM with resistive electrodes made of kapton foils

Correction to “Ablation Response Behavior under Different Heat Flux Environments for Liquid Silicone Rubber Composites”

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The performance of thinner-THGEM

A Cosmic-Ray Muon Hodoscope Based on Up-down THGEM Detectors

Performances of RETGEM with resistive electrodes made of kapton foils

Correction to “Ablation Response Behavior under Different Heat Flux Environments for Liquid Silicone Rubber Composites”