This review stands in the larger framework of functional materials by focussing on heterostructures of rare-earth nickelates, described by the chemical formula RNiO3 where R is a trivalent rare-earth R  =  La, Pr, Nd, Sm, …, Lu. Nickelates are characterized by a rich phase diagram of structural and physical properties and serve as a benchmark for the physics of phase transitions in correlated oxides where electron-lattice coupling plays a key role. Much of the recent interest in nickelates concerns heterostructures, that is single layers of thin film, multilayers or superlattices, with the general objective of modulating their physical properties through strain control, confinement or interface effects. We will discuss the extensive studies on nickelate heterostructures as well as outline different approaches to tuning and controlling their physical properties and, finally, review application concepts for future devices.

/pdf/rare-earth-nickelates-rnio3-thin-films-and-heterostructures-1c1v82me5q.pdf

Rare-earth nickelates RNiO3: thin films and heterostructures.

In a time of unprecedented change in environmental, geopolitical and socio-economic world affairs, the search for new energy materials has become a topic of great relevance. Sodium borohydride, NaBH 4 , seems to be a promising fuel in the context of the future hydrogen economy. NaBH 4 belongs to a class of materials with the highest gravimetric hydrogen densities, which has been discovered in the 1940s by Schlesinger and Brown. In the present paper, the most relevant issues concerning the use of NaBH 4 are examined. Its basic properties are summarised and its synthesis methods are described. The general processes of NaBH 4 oxidation, hydrolysis, and monitoring are reviewed. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the NaBH 4 publications in the energy field opens the discussion for current perspectives and future outlook of NaBH 4 as an efficient energy/hydrogen carrier. Despite the observed exponential increase in the research on NaBH 4 it is clear that further efforts are still necessary for achieving significant overchanges.

Sodium borohydride as a fuel for the future

A direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC) is a device that converts chemical energy stored in borohydride ion (BH4−) and an oxidant directly into electricity by redox processes. Usually, a DBFC employs an alkaline solution of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as fuel and oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. DBFC has some attractive features such as high open circuit potential, ease of electro-oxidation of BH4− on non-precious metals such as nickel, low operational temperature and high power density. The DBFC is a promising power system for portable applications. This article discusses prominent features of DBFC, reviews recent developments in DBFC research, and points out future directions in DBFC research.

A comprehensive review of direct borohydride fuel cells

Evaluation of anode (electro)catalytic materials for the direct borohydride fuel cell: Methods and benchmarks

The use of rare earth-based materials in low-temperature fuel cells

Direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC) is one of the most exciting energy technologies that solve the hydrogen storage and safety issues by using aqueous solution of KBH4 or NaBH4. Here, we present a membraneless DBFC with perovskite-type oxide LaNiO3/C-catalysed cathode. A significant finding from the electrochemical experiments is that it obviously shows that the existence of ions has almost no negative influence on the discharge performances of the LaNiO3-catalysed cathode. Therefore, the DBFC is designed without using an ion exchange membrane. The maximal power density of 127 mW cm–2 is obtained at 65 °C under atmospheric pressure. A 500 h life test shows that the DBFC has good stability.

A Membraneless Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell Using LaNiO3‐Catalysed Cathode

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A Membraneless Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell Using LaNiO3‐Catalysed Cathode