In his seminal Electrical papers, Oliver Heaviside stated We reverse this' referring to the relationship between energy current and state changes in electrical networks. We explore implications of ...

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.2017.0449

Energy current and computing.

The design of advanced miniaturized ultra-low power interfaces for sensors is extremely important for energy-constrained monitoring applications, such as wearable, ingestible and implantable devices used in the health and medical field. Capacitive sensors, together with their correspondent digital-output readout interfaces, make no exception. Here, we analyse and design a capacitance-to-digital converter, based on the recently introduced iterative delay-chain discharge architecture, showing the circuit inner operating principles and the correspondent design trade-offs. A complete design case, implemented in a commercial 180 nm CMOS process, operating at 0.9 V supply for a 0–250 pF input capacitance range, is presented. The circuit, tested by means of detailed electrical simulations, shows ultra-low energy consumption (≤1.884 nJ/conversion), excellent linearity (linearity error 15.26 ppm), good robustness against process and temperature corners (conversion gain sensitivity to process corners variation of 114.0 ppm and maximum temperature sensitivity of 81.9 ppm/°C in the −40 °C, +125 °C interval) and medium-low resolution of 10.3 effective number of bits, while using only 0.0192 mm2 of silicon area and employing 2.93 ms for a single conversion.

Design of a Capacitance-to-Digital Converter Based on Iterative Delay-Chain Discharge in 180 Nm CMOS Technology

Capacitance sensors, that report the values of capacitances as digital codes, are important in such areas as biomedical, environmental, and mobile applications. Voltage sensors are also widely used in many modern application areas, e.g. where battery life information is important. Conventional capacitance sensing methods use complex ADC techniques that are power hungry, and existing digital solutions, which use the charge to digital conversion (CDC) method tend to suffer from slow sensing response. A novel dual-use all-digital CDC method is proposed in this paper, which can be used to sense either capacitance values as a capacitance sensor or voltage levels as a voltage sensor. It shows low power/energy consumption and fast sensing response.

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A smart all-digital charge to digital converter

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A smart all-digital charge to digital converter

A smart all-digital charge to digital converter