Noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs) are among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The most common NCDs are cancer, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Nowadays, they represent one of the greatest challenges health systems face worldwide. The increase in the consumption of polyphenol ‐ rich foods could contribute to the reduction of these pathologies, due to their antioxidant, anti ‐ inflammatory, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and cardiovascular protective properties, among others. This review aims to highlight some studies carried out in recent years to enhance the possible benefits of a diet rich in polyphenols in the prevention or treatment of NCDs.

The role of dietary polyphenols in the control of chronic noncommunicable diseases

Cerebrovascular diseases are known to cause significant morbidity and mortality to the general population. In patients with cerebrovascular disease, prompt clinical evaluation and radiographic interpretation are both essential in optimizing clinical management and in triaging patients for critical and potentially life-saving neurosurgical interventions. With recent advancements in the domains of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), many AI and ML algorithms have been developed to further optimize the diagnosis and subsequent management of cerebrovascular disease. Despite such advances, further studies are needed to substantively evaluate both the diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of these techniques for their application in clinical practice. This review aims to analyze the current use of AI and MI algorithms in the diagnosis of, and clinical decision making for cerebrovascular disease, and to discuss both the feasibility and future applications of utilizing such algorithms.We review the use of AI and ML algorithms to assist clinicians in the diagnosis and management of ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, intracranial aneurysms, and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). After identifying the most widely used algorithms, we provide a detailed analysis of the accuracy and effectiveness of these algorithms in practice.The incorporation of AI and ML algorithms for cerebrovascular patients has demonstrated improvements in time to detection of intracranial pathologies such as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and infarcts. For ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, commercial AI software platforms such as RapidAI and Viz.AI have bene implemented into routine clinical practice at many stroke centers to expedite the detection of infarcts and ICH, respectively. Such algorithms and neural networks have also been analyzed for use in prognostication for such cerebrovascular pathologies. These include predicting outcomes for ischemic stroke patients, hematoma expansion, risk of aneurysm rupture, bleeding of AVMs, and in predicting outcomes following interventions such as risk of occlusion for various endovascular devices. Preliminary analyses have yielded promising sensitivities when AI and ML are used in concert with imaging modalities and a multidisciplinary team of health care providers.The implementation of AI and ML algorithms to supplement clinical practice has conferred a high degree of accuracy, efficiency, and expedited detection in the clinical and radiographic evaluation and management of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, AVMs, and aneurysms. Such algorithms have been explored for further purposes of prognostication for these conditions, with promising preliminary results. Further studies should evaluate the longitudinal implementation of such techniques into hospital networks and residency programs to supplement clinical practice, and the extent to which these techniques improve patient care and clinical outcomes in the long-term.

Role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease

Curcumin, a natural polyphenol compound, has been identified as an effective therapeutic agent against cancer that exerts its anti‐tumor activities by up/downregulating signaling mediators and modulating various cellular processes, including angiogenesis, autophagy, apoptosis, metastasis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Since almost 98% of genomic transcriptional production is noncoding RNAs in humans, there is evidence that curcumin exerts therapeutic effects through the alterations of noncoding RNAs in various types of cancers. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are formed by the back‐splicing of immature mRNAs and have several functions, including functioning as miRNA sponges. It has been shown that curcumin modulated various circRNAs, including circ‐HN1, circ‐PRKCA, circPLEKHM3, circZNF83, circFNDC3B, circ_KIAA1199, circRUNX1, circ_0078710, and circ_0056618. The modulation of these circRNAs targeted the expression of mRNAs and modified various signaling pathways and hallmarks of cancer. In this article, we reviewed the pharmacokinetics of curcumin, its anti‐cancer activities, as well as the biology and structure of circRNAs. Our main focus was on how curcumin exerts anti‐cancer functions by modulating circRNAs and their target mRNAs and pathways.

Curcumin as a therapeutic agent in cancer therapy: Focusing on its modulatory effects on circular RNAs

Introduction: We have previously reported that overexpression of visinin-like protein 1 (VSNL1) is frequently observed in advanced colorectal adenocarcinomas and correlates with poorer prognosis. In this study, we determined the levels of VSNL1 expression in the earlier stages of colorectal tumors including adenomas and adenocarcinomas, and attempted to clarify the functional significance of VSNL1 overexpression in colorectal carcinogenesis. Methods: Levels of VSNL expression in colorectal tumor tissues were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The effects of VSNL1 downregulation and overexpression on cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and invasiveness were determined using two VSNL1-overexpressing colorectal cancer cell lines, CW-2 and HCT-116 and VSNL1 inducibly expressing SNU-C5, respectively. Gene expression signatures in VSNL1-downregulated CW-2 and HCT-116 were identified using transcriptome and gene set enrichment analyses. Results: VSNL1 expression was restricted to only a few crypt cells in the non-tumorous epithelium, whereas it became enhanced in adenomas and adenocarcinomas with the progression of tumorigenesis. Downregulation of VSNL1 in CW-2 and HCT-116 cells suppressed their proliferation through induction of apoptosis. Conversely, overexpression of VSNL1 in SNU-C5 cells enhanced resistance to anoikis. Transcriptome and gene set enrichment analyses revealed that downregulation of VSNL1 altered the expression level of the apoptosis-related gene set in CW-2 and HCT-116 cells. Conclusion: VSNL1 plays a role in both the development and progression of colorectal tumors by enhancing cell viability.

Overexpression of VSNL1 enhances cell proliferation in colorectal carcinogenesis.

To investigate the effects of croton alkaloids on malignant behaviors of breast cancer cells T47D and the possible mechanism. Different doses of croton alkaloids were exposed to T47D cells. T47D cells were transfected with small interfering-circular_0079593 and small interfering-negative control by liposome transfection, respectively. The plasmid cloning deoxyribonucleic acid-circular_0079593 transfected T47D cells were performed with 150 μg/ml croton alkaloids treatment. Circular_0079593 and microRNA-1299 were determined via qualitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in breast cancer samples and cells. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and colony formation assay for proliferation, scratch assay for migration and transwell assay for invasion were performed. Circular_0079593 and microRNA-1299 target relationship was examined using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Protein analysis was implemented through Western blot. Croton alkaloids increased cell proliferation inhibition rate and E-cadherin protein level (p<0.05) while reduced colony formation number and invasive cells (p<0.05), and croton alkaloids suppressed scratch healing rate and N-cadherin protein level (p<0.05), and these effects were dose-dependent. Circular_0079593 up-regulation and microRNA-1299 down-regulation were detected in breast cancer tissues contrasted to adjacent samples (p<0.05). Croton alkaloids induced circular_0079593 expression up-regulation (p<0.05) and microRNA-1299 level inhibition (p<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Circular_0079593 could targeted regulate the expression of microRNA-1299. Transfection of small interfering-circular_0079593 elevated microRNA-1299 level, and suppressed cell malignant behaviors. Circular_0079593 overexpression could weaken the regulation of croton alkaloids in T47D cell behaviors. Croton alkaloids could repress breast cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion via mediating circ_0079593/microRNA-1299 axis. 

Croton Alkaloids Suppresses Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion through mediating Circular_0079593

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Preoperative evaluation of brain AVMs is crucial for the selection of surgical candidates. Our goal was to use artificial intelligence to predict postsurgical motor defects in patients with brain AVMs involving motor-related areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-three patients who underwent microsurgical resection of brain AVMs involving motor-related areas were retrospectively reviewed. Four artificial intelligence–based indicators were calculated with artificial intelligence on TOF-MRA and DTI, including FN5mm/50mm (the proportion of fiber numbers within 5–50mm from the lesion border), FN10mm/50mm (the same but within 10–50mm), FP5mm/50mm (the proportion of fiber voxel points within 5–50mm from the lesion border), and FP10mm/50mm (the same but within 10–50mm). The association between the variables and long-term postsurgical motor defects was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression with the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to select the optimal features to develop the machine learning model to predict postsurgical motor defects. The area under the curve was calculated to evaluate the predictive performance. RESULTS: In patients with and without postsurgical motor defects, the mean FN5mm/50mm, FN10mm/50mm, FP5mm/50mm, and FP10mm/50mm were 0.24 (SD, 0.24) and 0.03 (SD, 0.06), 0.37 (SD, 0.27) and 0.06 (SD, 0.08), 0.06 (SD, 0.10) and 0.01 (SD, 0.02), and 0.10 (SD, 0.12) and 0.02 (SD, 0.05), respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses identified FN10mm/50mm as an independent risk factor for long-term postsurgical motor defects (P = .002). FN10mm/50mm achieved a mean area under the curve of 0.86 (SD, 0.08). The mean area under the curve of the machine learning model consisting of FN10mm/50mm, diffuseness, and the Spetzler-Martin score was 0.88 (SD, 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: The artificial intelligence–based indicator, FN10mm/50mm, can reflect the lesion-fiber spatial relationship and act as a dominant predictor for postsurgical motor defects in patients with brain AVMs involving motor-related areas.

/pdf/artificial-intelligence-assisted-evaluation-of-the-spatial-30uvoxxs.pdf

Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Evaluation of the Spatial Relationship between Brain Arteriovenous Malformations and the Corticospinal Tract to Predict Postsurgical Motor Defects

Curcumin has been testified to repress the development of multiple tumor cells. Nevertheless, the function of curcumin in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not completely clarified. This research was to explore the influence of curcumin on the development of CRC cells and its mechanism. An examination of circular RNA (circ) HN1, microRNA (miR)-302a-3p and phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 (PIK3R3) levels in clinical tissues was performed. Assessments of cell development including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition were conducted. The effects of curcumin and circHN1 were verified by in vivo tumor implantation experiments. The interaction of miR-302a-3p with circHN1 or PIK3R3 was analyzed. Curcumin repressed CRC cell development in a concentration-dependent manner. CircHN1 expression was augmented in CRC. Augmentation of circHN1 was able to turn around the repressive effects of curcumin on CRC cells. In vivo experiments indicated that low expression of circHN1 further promoted curcumin-mediated inhibition of CRC tumor growth. MiR-302a-3p was a target of circHN1, and suppression of miR-302a-3p was able to turn around the treatment effect of curcumin on CRC cells. Additionally, PIK3R3 was targeted by miR-302a-3p, and curcumin modulated the malignancy of CRC cells through the circHN1/miR-302a-3p/PIK3R3 pathway.

Curcumin suppresses colorectal cancer development with epithelial-mesenchymal transition via modulating circular RNA HN1/miR-302a-3p/PIK3R3 axis.

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Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Evaluation of the Spatial Relationship between Brain Arteriovenous Malformations and the Corticospinal Tract to Predict Postsurgical Motor Defects

Curcumin suppresses colorectal cancer development with epithelial-mesenchymal transition via modulating circular RNA HN1/miR-302a-3p/PIK3R3 axis.