Software testing is a difficult task and testing Web-based applications may be even more difficult, due to the peculiarities of such applications. In the last years, several problems in the field of Web-based applications testing have been addressed by research work, and several methods and techniques have been defined and used to test Web-based applications effectively. This paper will present the main differences between Web-based applications and traditional ones, how these differences impact the testing of the former ones, and some relevant contributions in the field of Web application testing developed in recent years. The focus is mainly on testing the functionality of a Web-based application, even if some discussion about the testing of non-functional requirements is provided too. Some indications about future trends in Web application testing are also outlined in the paper.

Testing Web-based applications: The state of the art and future trends

Web applications often use dynamic pages that interact with each other by accessing shared objects, e.g., session objects. Interactions between dynamic pages need to be carefully tested, as they may give rise to subtle faults that cannot be detected by testing individual pages in isolation. Since it is impractical to test all possible interactions, a trade-off must be made between test coverage (in terms of number of interactions covered in the tests) and test effort. In this paper, we present a test sequence generation approach to cover all pairwise interactions, i.e., interactions between any two pages. Intuitively, if a page P could reach another page Ppsila, there must exist a test sequence in which both P and Ppsila are visited in the given order. We report a test sequence generation algorithm and two case studies in which test sequences are generated to achieve pairwise interaction coverage for two Web applications. The empirical results indicate that our approach achieves good code coverage and is effective for detecting interaction faults in the subject applications.

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An Interaction-Based Test Sequence Generation Approach for Testing Web Applications

Web services (WS) is currently the major implementation of service-oriented architecture (SOA). It defines a framework for agile and flexible integration among autonomous services based on Internet open standards. However, testing has been a challenge due the dynamic and collaborative nature of WS. This paper introduces an on-going project on a multiagent based framework to coordinate distributed test agents to generate, plan, execute, monitor and communicate tests on WS. Test agents are classified into different roles which communicate through XML-based agent test protocols. Test master accepts test cases from test generator, generates test plans and distributed them to various test groups. A set of test agents that implement a test plan are organized into a test group, which is coordinated by a test coordinator. Test runners execute the test scripts, collect test results and forward the results to test analyzer for quality and reliability analysis. The status of the test agents are monitored by the test monitor. Test agents are dynamically created, deployed and organized. Through the monitoring and coordinating mechanism, the agents can re-adjust the test plan and their behavior at runtime to be adaptive to the changing environment.

A multi-agent based framework for collaborative testing on Web services

Testing input validation in Web applications through automated model recovery

In recent years, Web applications (WAs) have grown so quickly that they have already become crucial to the success of businesses. However, since they are built on Internet and open standard technologies, WAs possess their own unique features, such as dynamic behaviors, heterogeneous representations, and novel data handling mechanisms. These features provide concrete support to the success of WAs, but they bring new challenges to researchers and developers, especially in regard to testing WAs and ensuring their quality. Testing approaches for non-WAs have to be extended to handle these features before they are used in WA testing. This paper presents an agent-based approach to perform data-flow testing of WAs. More precisely, the data-flow testing will be performed by autonomous test agents at the method level, object level, and object cluster level, from low abstraction level to high abstraction level. In the process of the recommended data-flow testing, an agent-based WA testing system (WAT) will automatically generate and coordinate test agents to decompose the task of testing an entire WA into a set of subtasks that can be accomplished by test agents. The test agents, rooted in the Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) model, cooperate with each other to complete the testing of a WA. An example is used to show the feasibility of the proposed approach.

An agent-based data-flow testing approach for Web applications

In recent years, Web applications have grown so quickly that they have already become crucial to the success of businesses. However, since they are built on Internet and open standard technologies, Web applications bring new challenges to researchers, such as dynamic behaviors, heterogeneous representations, novel control flow and data flow mechanisms, etc. In this paper, we propose an agent-based approach for Web application testing. While the agent-based framework greatly reduces the complexity of Web applications, a four-level dataflow test approach can be employed to perform structure testing on them. In this approach, data flow analysis is performed as function level testing, function cluster level testing, object level testing, and Web application level testing, from low abstract level to high abstract level. Each test agent in the framework takes charge of the testing in an abstract level for a particular type of Web document or object.

An agent-based testing approach for Web applications

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An agent-based testing approach for Web applications