Solid-state switch-mode rectification converters have reached a matured level for improving power quality in terms of power-factor correction (PFC), reduced total harmonic distortion at input AC mains and precisely regulated DC output in buck, boost, buck-boost and multilevel modes with unidirectional and bidirectional power flow. This paper deals with a comprehensive review of improved power quality converters (IPQCs) configurations, control approaches, design features, selection of components, other related considerations, and their suitability and selection for specific applications. It is targeted to provide a wide spectrum on the status of IPQC technology to researchers, designers and application engineers working on switched-mode AC-DC converters. A classified list of more than 450 research publications on the state of art of IPQC is also given for a quick reference.

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A review of single-phase improved power quality AC-DC converters

In the first part of this paper, three-phase power factor correction (PFC) rectifier topologies with sinusoidal input currents and controlled output voltage are derived from known single-phase PFC rectifier systems and/or passive three-phase diode rectifiers. The systems are classified into hybrid and fully active pulsewidth modulation boost-type or buck-type rectifiers, and their functionality and basic control concepts are briefly described. This facilitates the understanding of the operating principle of three-phase PFC rectifiers starting from single-phase systems, and organizes and completes the knowledge base with a new hybrid three-phase buck-type PFC rectifier topology denominated as Swiss Rectifier. Finally, core topics of future research on three-phase PFC rectifier systems are discussed, such as the analysis of novel hybrid buck-type PFC rectifier topologies, the direct input current control of buck-type systems, and the multi-objective optimization of PFC rectifier systems. The second part of this paper is dedicated to a comparative evaluation of four rectifier systems offering a high potential for industrial applications based on simple and demonstrative performance metrics concerning the semiconductor stresses, the loading and volume of the main passive components, the differential mode and common mode electromagnetic interference noise level, and ultimately the achievable converter efficiency and power density. The results are substantiated with selected examples of hardware prototypes that are optimized for efficiency and/or power density.

The Essence of Three-Phase PFC Rectifier Systems—Part II

Three-phase multipulse AC-DC converters (MPC) are developed for improving power quality to reduce harmonics in AC mains and ripples in DC output. This paper deals with the multipulse AC-DC converter configurations, state of art, their performance, power quality aspects, components selection considerations, latest trends, future developments, and potential applications. It is targeted to provide broad perspective on multipulse converter technology to the researchers, engineers, and designers dealing with them. A classified list of more than 250 research publications on the subject is also given for quick reference.

Multipulse AC–DC Converters for Improving Power Quality: A Review

Based on a comprehensive study of the literature, concepts of three-phase rectifier systems with low effects on the mains are classified. Such systems are unidirectional and bidirectional self-commutated power converters with impressed output voltage or output current and line-commutated rectification in connection with passive and active filtering. Selected circuit concepts are analyzed concerning the operational behavior and the obtainable quality of the mains current. Furthermore, an evaluation of the rectifier concepts concerning utilization of the power semiconductors, rated power of the inductive and capacitive components and of the realization effort in general is given. Finally, problems of the practical application of high switching frequency PWM rectifier systems and topics of further research are discussed.

Status of the techniques of three-phase rectifier systems with low effects on the mains

An AC to DC converter with harmonic suppression is provided. The harmonic suppression is provided by forcing an instantaneous current conflict between series connected rectifier bridges 54, 80, such that a voltage waveform at 6 times the AC supply frequency of the AC supply is automatically generated. This waveform is then injected via a injection circuit to give harmonic cancellation.

Multi-pulse converter circuits

A new harmonic reducing diode rectifier for high voltage and high power applications is proposed. The new rectifier consists of the conventional double sequential (or series connected) three-phase bridge 12-pulse diode rectifier and a particularly designed auxiliary circuit. The double sequential topology is suitable for high voltage and high power applications because the output voltages of the two bridges are added and fed to the load. Harmonics of the utility line currents and ripples of the DC voltage of the proposed rectifier are reduced as low as those of the 24-pulse rectifier due to the operation of the auxiliary circuit. Since the new rectifier does not require any self turn-off device nor controller and the ratings of the components in the auxiliary circuit are also low, the proposed scheme gives an economical, efficient and reliable solution to obtain high voltage and high power DC from the utility without harmonic pollution. In this paper, operation of the new rectifier is introduced, and current and voltage synthesis is then discussed in detail. Experimental results are also shown to confirm the validity of the theory.

A new harmonic reducing three-phase diode rectifier for high voltage and high power applications

A simple and economical three-phase boost-mode PFC rectifier is proposed in this paper. The new rectifier is obtained by simplifying the power-circuit of the previously proposed third-harmonic-current modulation scheme and employing a newly developed current-synthesis and modulation technique. Unlike the conventional third-harmonic-current modulation rectifier consisting of a split output-circuit, the proposed rectifier employs a unified output-circuit to simplify the power-circuit and output-voltage control. Further, a unique input-current synthesis is developed to improve the current-waveform. Comparing with the conventional rectifier, the new rectifier obtains a simpler power-circuit, higher-quality of the input-current and a wider DC-voltage regulation-range (or lower minimum output-voltage). In the following, theories of the proposed current-synthesis and the modulation are described. Then experimental waveforms are shown to confirm the validity of the theories and applicability of the rectifier in practice.

A simple three-phase boost-mode PFC rectifier

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A new harmonic reducing three-phase diode rectifier for high voltage and high power applications

A simple three-phase boost-mode PFC rectifier