A new class of three-dimensional (3-D) bandpass frequency-selective structures (FSSs) with multiple transmission zeros is presented to realize wide out-of-band rejection. The proposed FSSs are based on a two-dimensional (2-D) array of shielded microstrip lines with shorting via to ground, where two different resonators in the substrate are constructed based on the excited substrate mode. Furthermore, metallic plates of rectangular shape and “T-type” are inserted in the air region of shielded microstrip lines, which can introduce additional resonators provided by the air mode. Using this arrangement, a passband with two transmission poles can be obtained. Moreover, multiple transmission zeros outside the passband are produced for improving the out-of-band rejection. The operating principles of these FSSs are explained with the aid of equivalent circuit models. Two examples are designed, fabricated, and measured to verify the proposed structures and circuit models. Measured results demonstrate that the FSSs exhibit high out-of-band rejection and stable filtering response under a large variation of the incidence angle.

Three-Dimensional Bandpass Frequency-Selective Structures With Multiple Transmission Zeros

A 45° linearly polarized hollow-waveguide 16 × 16- slot array antenna is proposed for point-to-point wireless communication in the 71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz bands. The antenna is composed of an equally-split corporate-feed circuit and 2 × 2-element sub-arrays which radiate the 45 °
 linear polarization. Low sidelobe characteristics are obtained in the E-plane by diagonal placement of the square antenna rotating by 45 degrees. To suppress cross polarization, a radiating narrow-slot pair is adopted. The sub-array is designed by a genetic algorithm and 25.7% reflection bandwidth for is obtained by decreasing the Q of two eigenmodes of the radiating element. A 16 × 16-element array is fabricated by diffusion bonding of thin copper plates. The total thickness is 3.2 mm which is less than 1 free space wavelength. A high gain of 32.9 dBi, high antenna efficiency of 86.6% and low sidelobe characteristics of -27.1-dB first sidelobe levels are measured at the center frequency of 78.5 GHz. Further, the broadband characteristics of reflection , show a gain of more than 31.4 dBi, and low cross polarization of less than -30 dB are achieved over the 71-86 GHz band.

A 45 $^{\circ}$ Linearly Polarized Hollow-Waveguide 16 $\,\times$ 16-Slot Array Antenna Covering 71–86 GHz Band

A planar broadband antenna with a center frequency of 81.75 GHz is proposed in this communication, which is composed by an open-ended pentagonal slot etched on the broad surface of a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) and a short circuited metallic via inserted inside the ring slot. The broadband SIW 180° phase-shifter and the SIW power-divider are deployed in the design to implement the beam-forming network. As a demonstration, a $2 \times 8$ array is designed on a 0.5 mm thick Rogers5880 substrate, and fabricated by using the low-cost printed circuit board process. Experiments are carried out to verify the design, which show that the measured antenna has a 10 dB return loss bandwidth from 77 to 86. 5 GHz, that is, the fractional bandwidth of 11.6%. The proposed antenna is a promising candidate for the E -band high-speed wireless communication system.

A Planar Broadband Antenna for the E-Band Gigabyte Wireless Communication

A novel reconfigurable fractal ground loaded monopole antenna with p-i-n diode switching and metamaterial as superstrate for gain and bandwidth enhancement is reported. The proposed structure is a CPW-fed monopole antenna with a Minkowski fractal square ring loaded in the ground plane. The integration of p-i-n diode helps in achieving frequency reconfigurability. The antenna with diode OFF operates at 1.4 GHz, 2.1 GHz, 3.7 GHz, 7.6 GHz and 8.9 GHz. But, with diode switched ON, the resonating frequencies shift to 1.4 GHz, 3.4 GHz, 5.45 GHz, 7.86 GHz and 9.52 GHz respectively. When a metamaterial superstrate is placed on top of the monopole radiator, the respective −10 dB impedance bandwidth enhancement of 1.4%, 28%, 18%, 8.3% and 6.3% is obtained. Furthermore, the respective peak gain of 8.37 dB, 8.67 dB, 5.26 dB, 16.09 dB and 21.58 dB are obtained that justifies the shift of operating bands. The simulation results agree well over the experimental findings.

Metamaterial based fractal-ground loaded frequency-reconfigurable monopole-antenna with gain-bandwidth enhancement

The increasing demand of radio links with high data rates is satisfied by the allocation of new frequency spectrum. A novel cylindrical reflector antenna is designed to operate in the E-band (71-86 GHz), which was already allocated in 2003 for radio link applications. Presented simulation results are preliminary and the directivity of the antenna at the center frequency is calculated to be 41.4 dBi with an aperture efficiency of 60% or -2.2dB.

http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/179728/local_179728.pdf

An E-band cylindrical reflector antenna for wireless communication systems

In this paper, a new concept of directive planar waveguide (WG) antenna array for the next generation of point to point E-band communication is presented. The proposed antenna consists of two major parts; firstly the array of Gaussian horn radiating elements and secondly the mixed feeding rectangular WG network. The feeding network is composed of a mixed 1∶8 power distribution waveguide spliters. The judiciously adopted architecture contains an interconnected horizontal and vertical subarray to form a planar feeding network. The antenna not exceeding 25 cm × 25 cm × 9 cm in dimensions, has been optimized to present a low profile, a very high gain of 43 dBi and a broadband operation of almost 20%.

Antenna array for point-to-point communication in E-band frequency range

In this paper, we propose a numerical study of a low profile multilayer seventh order frequency selective surface (FSS) for millimeter-wave application (∼60 GHz). The periodic sub-wavelength unit cell and ultra-thin dielectric substrates have been used for designing an extremely compact band-pass FSS filter with ∼0.5 λ 0 overall thickness (λ 0 is the free space wavelength at the centre frequency). The periodic sub-wavelength unit cells use capacitive and inductive non-resonant elements. The filter is composed by 13 metallic grid layers and 12 ultra thin dielectric substrate layers.

A low profile multilayer seventh order band-pass frequency selective surface (FSS) for millimeter-wave application

A Fabry-Perot cavity antenna based on a dual-layer partially reflected surface (PRS) structure is designed, fabricated and measured at 80 GHz (band-E). The PRS is composed of two frequency selective surfaces, each comprising a periodic array of square metallic patches. When excited by a single primary source, the antenna's gain and directivity increase by ~10 dB from 81 to 86 GHz. The dimensions of the prototype compact antenna are 100 × 100 × 4 mm
 3
.

Experimental study of 80 GHz Fabry-Pérot cavity antenna based on dual-layer partially reflected surface

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Antenna array for point-to-point communication in E-band frequency range

A low profile multilayer seventh order band-pass frequency selective surface (FSS) for millimeter-wave application

Experimental study of 80 GHz Fabry-Pérot cavity antenna based on dual-layer partially reflected surface