Dynamic changes and correlation of quality, flavor and microorganisms of Mei (Prunus mume) vinegar during fermentation and clarification

Introduction Sarcopenia is a phenomenon in which skeletal muscle mass decreases with age, causing many health problems. Many studies have been conducted to improve sarcopenia nutritionally. Ishige okamura (IO) is a genus of brown algae and plays a role in anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, and myogenesis. However, the effect of IO extract (IOE) on human muscle strength and mass is unclear. Therefore, we will examine the impact and safety of consumption of IOE for 12 weeks on muscle strength and mass in middle-aged and old-aged adults with relatively low skeletal muscle mass. Materials and methods A randomized controlled trial is conducted on 80 adults aged 50–80. A total of 80 participants will be enrolled in this study. Participants assign IOE-taking group (n = 40) and placebo taking group (n = 40). At a baseline and 12 weeks after treatment, the following parameters of the participants are checked: knee extension strength, handgrip strength, body composition, laboratory tests, dietary recall, physical activity, and EQ-5D-5L. Discussion The present study will be the first randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial to examine the efficacy and tolerability of IOE supplementation in adults with relatively low muscle mass. The nutritional intake and physical activity that might influence muscle strength and mass will be considered as covariates for transparency of results. The results of this study will provide clinical evidence for sarcopenia patients with nutrient treatment. Clinical Trial Registration www.clinicaltrials.gov/, Identifier: NCT04617951.

Effect of Ishige okamurae extract on musculoskeletal biomarkers in adults with relative sarcopenia: Study protocol for a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

Seaweed consumption in Asian food cultures may benefit longevity and age-related conditions like sarcopenia with aging. However, sarcopenia lacks a definitive treatment, and pharmaceutical options have limitations in efficacy and safety. Recent studies on aging female mice found that Ishige okamurae (IO), a brown algae, and its active compound diphloroethohydroxycarmalol improved sarcopenia. Further research is needed to understand the effects of seaweed consumption on sarcopenia in humans. This clinical trial divided participants into a test group (receiving 500 mg/kg IO supplementation, mean±SD; age 62.73±7.18 years, n=40) and a control group (age 63.10±7.06 years, n=40). Hazard analysis assessed vital signs and muscle strength improvement during the trial. Additionally, 12-month-old mice were oral-fed IO at different doses (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) for 6-weeks. Aging and muscle-wasting related markers were evaluated, including grip strength, body weight and compositions, serum-parameters, and molecular-changes. The clinical trial found no significant changes in toxicity-parameters between the groups (p>0.05) after 12-weeks of IO supplementation. The IO group exhibited a remarkable increase in lower-limb quadriceps muscle-strength compared to the control (p=0.002). Furthermore, IO treatment improved age-related decline in quadriceps strength in the subgroup; under 61-years-old (p=0.004), without significant differences in foot-dominancy between groups (p=0.171). In 12-month-old male mice, IO administration improved age-related deficiencies in grip strength (p<0.0001) and testosterone (p=0.0001). Muscular regeneration parameters, such as lean-mass (p<0.0001), inhibition of proteolysis (measured by changes in myogenin and atrogin-1 protein expressions), cross-sectional myofiber area (p<0.0001), number of satellite cells (p=0.0001), and increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes in muscle tissue indicative of mitochondrial biogenesis, were also improved by IO administration. This trial is the first to explore the positive association between consuming brown-algae IO and age-related decreases in muscle strength. IO treatment helps maintain muscle mass and delays muscle wasting during aging, suggesting it as a potent nutritional strategy to protect against aging-associated sarcopenia.

A Combination Study of Pre- and Clinical Trial: Seaweed Consumption Reduces Aging-Associated Muscle Loss!

This review investigates the therapeutic effects of Ulmus species extracts, traditionally used as tea ingredients in East Asia, on bone health and inflammatory conditions. Through the analysis of 9757 studies, narrowing down to 56 pertinent ones, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of Ulmus extracts. The focus was on catechin glycosides (CG) and flavonoid glycosides (FG), key compounds identified for their potential benefits. The research highlights the extracts' role in enhancing bone mineral density (BMD) by stimulating osteoblast activity and suppressing osteoclast differentiation, suggesting a protective effect against osteoporosis. Furthermore, the extracts demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory properties by modulating inflammatory markers and pathways. The findings confirm the historical use of Ulmus extracts in East Asia for health benefits and recommend further exploration into functional foods and nutraceuticals. The review calls for more rigorous research, including clinical trials, to establish optimal use and integration into modern health solutions. It underscores the potential of Ulmus extracts in promoting bone health and managing inflammation, advocating for a bridge between traditional practices and contemporary scientific validation. In conclusion, Ulmus extracts, a material long consumed as tea ingredients in East Asia, exhibit significant potential for improving bone health and reducing inflammation. This review calls for additional research to explore their full therapeutic capabilities, emphasizing the need for optimized extraction methods and clinical trials. It reinforces the importance of bridging traditional knowledge with contemporary scientific approaches to health and dietary solutions, promoting overall wellness. 

Catechin and flavonoid glycosides from the Ulmus genus: Exploring their nutritional pharmacology and therapeutic potential in osteoporosis and inflammatory conditions

A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented sarco oysters (FSO) on muscle strength in postmenopausal females with low muscle mass. Fifty-two female participants were randomly divided into the experiment group (EG) or control group (CG). For 12 weeks, the EG was subjected to 1000 mg of FSO extract daily while the CG consumed the placebo extract. The muscle extension and flexion at an angular velocity of 60°/s and with respect to grip strength, body composition, and muscle growth-related blood factors were measured at the baseline and after the trial. The difference in the quadriceps muscle extension at an angular velocity of 60°/s, grip strength on both the left and right side, and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) between groups were significantly higher in the EG compared with the CG. However, no differences were found in body composition, blood pyruvate, lactate, or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration between the two groups. In conclusion, FSO supplements may improve muscle strength in postmenopausal females with relatively reduced muscle strength without a change in muscle mass.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/24/16450/pdf?version=1670482156

Effect of Fermented Sarco Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Extract on Muscle Strength Enhancement in Postmenopausal Females: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background The accumulation of fatigue leads to reduced physical, emotional, psychological, and social functions. Objectives Fermented Prunus mume vinegar (PV) improves fatigue in animals; however, studies in humans have not been conducted. We aimed to examine the effects and safety of consuming fermented PV for 8 weeks on fatigue indices in adults with unexplained fatigue while considering the placebo effect. Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in adults of >19 years, who were diagnosed with unexplained fatigue for at least 1 month. Eighty participants were randomly assigned to receive daily 70 mL of fermented PV (2.56 mg/g, chlorogenic acid, and 15.3 mg/g, citric acid) or a placebo for 8 weeks. At baseline and 4 and 8 weeks after treatment, the participants were visited for blood tests (liver enzyme, glucose, creatinine, lactate, malondialdehyde [MDA], and creatine kinase [CK]) and questionnaires (Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS], fatigue visual analog scale [VAS], Beck Depression Inventory [BDI], the Korean version of the Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument [BEPSI-K], EQ-5D-3L, and EQ-VAS]). Results Fermented PV supplementation for 8 weeks did not remarkably improve the fatigue indices when compared to placebo. Additionally, differences in fatigue VAS, BDI, BEPSI-K, EQ-5D-3L, EQ-VAS, lactate, CK, and MDA concentrations between the groups were not observed. However, FSS had positively correlated with fatigue VAS, BDI, and BEPSI-K, whereas it was negatively correlated with EQ-5D-3L and EQ-VAS at the baseline and 8 weeks. None of the participants reported adverse events. Conclusion The efficacy of fermented PV did not exceed the efficacy of placebo in adults with unexplained fatigue. Clinical trial registration [ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04319692].

/pdf/efficacy-and-safety-of-fermented-prunus-mume-vinegar-on-1w4v7g7m.pdf

Efficacy and safety of fermented Prunus mume vinegar on fatigue improvement in adults with unexplained fatigue: A randomized controlled trial

Introduction Oysters possess an excellent nutritional profile containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Previous data suggest that GABA is a potent bioactive compound for improving muscle health. Lactic acid fermentation is thought to increase GABA content. However, the effect of oral supplementation of fermented oyster extracts (FO) on human muscle strength and mass is unclear. Therefore, we tested the effects and safety of consumption of FO combined with regular walking for 12 weeks on muscle strength and mass in older adults with relatively low muscle mass. Materials and methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 54 adults between 50 and 78 years of age. Participants were randomized to receive either placebo or 1,200 mg FO daily for 12 weeks. By fermentation with Lactobacillus brevis BJ20, FO was prepared from Crassostrea gigas. At baseline and at 12 weeks after treatment, the following parameters of the participants were examined: knee strengths, handgrip strengths, body composition, blood tests, and 24-h dietary recall. All participants were required to walk for 30–60 min/day for >3 days/week during the trial period. Physical activity was assessed using an exercise log during the study. Results Of the 54 participants, 49 completed the trial without reporting adverse effects. FO supplementation over 12 weeks did not cause any increase in knee or grip strength compared to the control group. Also, no differences were observed in the muscle mass, growth hormone, muscle biomarkers, anti-inflammatory markers, and antioxidative markers between the two groups. None of the participants experienced adverse events. Application of FO was well tolerated, and no notable adverse effect was reported in both groups. Discussion FO supplementation with regular walking did not improve remarkably muscle function compared to regular walking alone in adults with relatively low muscle mass. Clinical Trial Registration [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04109911].

/pdf/effect-of-fermented-oyster-crassostrea-gigas-extracts-and-27101l1m.pdf

Effect of fermented oyster (Crassostrea gigas) extracts and regular walking on muscle strength and mass in older adults with relatively low muscle mass: A randomized controlled trial

Introduction Ulmus macrocarpa Hance extract (UME) has demonstrated an antilipidemic effect via upregulation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway and regulation of lipid metabolism in both laboratory and animal studies. Therefore, we examined the effects and safety of UME on plasma lipids in adults with untreated high, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. Materials and methods In the current double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 80 patients with untreated high LDL-C concentrations (130–190 mg/dl) were randomly allocated to either the “UME group” (received 500 mg UME as two capsules per day) or the “Placebo group” (received placebo containing cornstarch as two capsules per day) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in LDL-C concentration within the 12-week treatment period; secondary outcomes included changes in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) concentrations. Results UME over 12 weeks led to a greater decrease in LDL-C, TC, and ApoB concentrations than did the placebo as follows: by 18.1 mg/dl (P < 0.001); 23.3 mg/dl (P < 0.001); 9.3 mg/dl (P = 0.018), respectively. When LDL-C, TC, and ApoB concentrations were expressed as a lsmeans percentage of the baseline concentration, they after 12 weeks of UME had greater % differences compared to the placebo as follows: by 11.9% (P < 0.001); 10.0% (P < 0.001); 8.6% (P < 0.05), respectively. However, no significant inter- and intra-group changes in liver enzyme, free fatty acid, anti-inflammatory marker, and fasting glucose concentrations were observed. None of the participants experienced notable adverse events. Discussion UME causes a significant improvement in lipid profiles in adults with untreated high LDL-C concentrations. Clinical trial registration [www.clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT03773315].

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.1000428/pdf

Potential lipid-lowering effects of Ulmus macrocarpa Hance extract in adults with untreated high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

Efficacy of rice bran extract for alleviating depressive symptoms in adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

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