An economical representation of effects of turbulence on the time-evolving structure of diffusive scalar fields is obtained by introducing a hierarchical (tree) network connecting fluid parcels, with effects of turbulent advection represented by swapping pairs of sub-trees at rates determined by turbulence time scales associated with the sub-trees. The fluid parcels reside at the base of the tree. The tree structure partitions the fluid parcels into adjacent pairs (or more generally, p-tuples). Adjacent parcels intermix at rates governed by diffusion time scales based on molecular diffusivities and parcel sizes. This simple procedure efficiently accomplishes long-standing objectives of turbulent mixing model development, such as generating physically based time histories of fluid-parcel nearest-neighbor encounters and the associated spatial structure of turbulent scalar fields. Correspondences between features of the hierarchical formulation and turbulent mixing phenomenology, both generic and case-specific, are noted.

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Hierarchical Parcel-Swapping Representation of Turbulent Mixing. Part 1. Formulation and Scaling Properties

Monte Carlo simulations of heat and mass transfer with chemical reactions of heterogeneous reacting systems

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Monte Carlo simulations of heat and mass transfer with chemical reactions of heterogeneous reacting systems