High-refractive index polymeric materials, which are transparent, have many promising applications in optical design and advanced optoelectronic fabrication. In order to improve the refractive index of polymeric materials, inorganic materials with high-refractive index, such as TiO2, are always added into polymers. However, some of the traditional synthetic methods are complicated and hard to control. In our work, we developed a novel and simple method, a one-step in situ solvothermal method, to prepare poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and nano-TiO2 hybrid films. Methyl methacrylate (MMA), vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMO), titanium butoxide [Ti(OBu)4], ethanol, hydrochloric acid, azobis-isobutyronitrile and tetrahydrofuran were added into a reaction vessel altogether and the polymerization of PMMA matrix and the formation of nano-TiO2 composite carried out simultaneously. To improve the adhesion between PMMA and TiO2, VTMO was used as a comonomer. The results indicate that TiO2 nanoparticles produced by decomposition of titanium butoxide are dispersed homogeneously in the PMMA matrix. The size of TiO2 crystals in PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposites is about 5–6 nm. The hybrid films have a good transparency (over 80 %) in the visible region, a good thermal stability and a UV-shielding property after the incorporation of TiO2. The refractive index of as-formed PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposites increases up to 1.839 at 633 nm as the content of Ti(OBu)4 is 50.00 wt%.

Preparation of high-refractive-index PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposites by one-step in situ solvothermal method

In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles were incorporated into low-density polyethylene by melt blending. Morphological properties and dispersion behavior of TiO2 nanocomposite were characterized through...

Effect of Tio2 Nanoparticles on the Antibacterial and Physical Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene Film

Zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF) materials are a class of metallic organic framework (MOF) materials that have several potential applications in the food and other industries. They consist of metal ions or clusters of metal ions coordinated with imidazole-based organic linkers, creating a three-dimensional solid structure with well-defined pores and channels. ZIFs possess several important features, including high porosity, tunable pore sizes, high surface areas, adjustable surface chemistries, and good stabilities. These characteristics make them highly versatile materials that can be used in a variety of applications, including smart and active food packaging. Based on their controllable compositions, dimensions, and pore sizes, the properties of ZIFs can be tailored for a diverse range of applications, including energy storage, sensing, separation, encapsulation, and catalysis. In this article, we focus on recent progress and potential applications of ZIFs in food packaging materials. Previous studies have shown that ZIFs can significantly improve the optical, mechanical, barrier, thermal, sustainability, and preservative properties of packaging materials. Moreover, ZIFs can be used as carriers to encapsulate, protect, and control the release of bioactive agents in packaging materials. ZIFs are capable of selectively adsorbing and releasing molecules based on their size, shape, and surface properties. These unique characteristics make them particularly suitable for smart or active food packaging applications. By selectively removing gases (such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, or ethylene) ZIFs can improve the shelf life and quality of packaged foods. In addition, they can be employed to control the growth of spoilage microorganisms and minimize oxidation reactions, thereby enhancing the freshness and extending the shelf life of foods. They may also be used to create sensors capable of detecting and indicating food spoilage. For instance, ZIFs that change color or release specific compounds when spoilage products are present can provide visual or chemical indications of food deterioration. This feature is especially valuable in ensuring the safety and quality of packaged food, as it enables consumers and retailers to easily identify spoiled products. ZIFs can be functionalized using various additives, including antioxidants, antimicrobials, pigments, and flavors, which can improve the preservative and sensory properties of packaged foods. Moreover, ZIF-based packaging materials offer sustainability benefits. Unlike traditional plastic packaging, ZIFs are biodegradable and can easily be disposed of without causing harm to the environment, thereby reducing the adverse effects of plastic waste materials. The application of ZIFs in smart/active food packaging offers exciting possibilities for enhancing the shelf life, quality, and safety of foods. With further research and development, ZIF-based packaging could become a sustainable alternative to plastic-based packaging in the food industry. An important aim of this review article is to stimulate further research on the development and application of ZIFs within food packaging materials. 

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs): Advanced nanostructured materials to enhance the functional performance of food packaging materials.

Development of multifunctional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based nanofiller materials in food packaging: A comprehensive review

To address the environmental and food contamination issues caused by plastics and microorganisms, antimicrobial films using natural polymers has attracted enormous attention. In this work, we proposed a green, convenient and fast approach to prepare antimicrobial films from chitosan (CS), bacterial cellulose (BC) and ε-polylysine (ε-PL). The effects of different concentrations of ε-PL (0 %, 0.25 %, 0.5 %, 0.75 %, 1 %, w/v) on the physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity of composite films (CS-DABC-x%PL) were systematically investigated. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison with purely physically mixed CS-BC-x%PL films provides a deeper understanding of the subject matter. Characterization tests of the films were conducted using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results suggested that the incorporation of 0.5 % ε-PL reduced the water solubility of the composite film by 19.82 %, along with improved the tensile strength and thermal stability by 37.31 % and 28.54 %. As ε-PL concentration increased to 1 %, the antibacterial performance of the films gradually enhanced. Additionally, the CS-DABC-0.5%PL film demonstrated effectiveness in delaying the deterioration of tilapia. These findings imply that this novel green packaging material holds significant potential in food preservation due to its promising antibacterial properties. 

Physicochemical, antibacterial and food preservation properties of active packaging films based on chitosan/ε-polylysine-grafted bacterial cellulose.

Recent years, biobased polymer packaging film in food packaging has witnessed great developments. However, it is still a challenge to develop biodegradable packaging films with antimicrobial property and mechanical strength. Herein, agar and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Chitosan (CS) packaging films with ε-polylysine/ZIF-L nanocomposites (ε[email protected]) were developed for the first time. Due to the incorporation of the nanocomposite, UV/visible light barrier properties (the transmittance decreased by 10.9%) of the films were improved, and the elongation at break of the composite agar films were increased by 43.0%. In the antimicrobial assays, with 4% ε[email protected], the inhibition zone diameters against Bacillus subtilis were 10 times as compared with the pure PVA/CS film. Furthermore, compared with commercial PE film, agar films and PVA/CS films with 4% ε[email protected] nanocomposites could provide long-term protection for strawberry to avoid the microbial infection and prolong the shelf life of the fruit at 25 °C. The results suggested that the agar and PVA/CS packaging films with ε[email protected] nanocomposites could significantly behave as potent antibacterial material in food packaging and preservation systems. 

Biodegradable packaging films with ε-polylysine/ZIF-L composites

Preparation of poly (methyl acrylate)/tio2 composites by potassium diperiodatocuprateinitiated grafting copolymerization

A bioinspired fluorescent probe based on metal–organic frameworks to selectively enrich and detect amyloid-β peptide

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Biodegradable packaging films with ε-polylysine/ZIF-L composites

Preparation of poly (methyl acrylate)/tio2 composites by potassium diperiodatocuprateinitiated grafting copolymerization

A bioinspired fluorescent probe based on metal–organic frameworks to selectively enrich and detect amyloid-β peptide