Atmospheric Chemistry of Iodine Alfonso Saiz-Lopez,* John M. C. Plane,* Alex R. Baker, Lucy J. Carpenter, Roland von Glasow, Juan C. G omez Martín, Gordon McFiggans, and Russell W. Saunders Laboratory for Atmospheric and Climate Science (CIAC), CSIC, Toledo, Spain School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom School of Earth, Atmospheric & Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom

Atmospheric Chemistry of Iodine

The chemistry of carbonyl oxides, known as Criegee intermediates, is central to many aspects of tropospheric chemistry. For decades it has been known that these reactive species, whose electronic structure contains zwitterionic and biradical character, are formed in the ozonolysis of alkenes. However it is only recently that direct measurements of their reaction kinetics have become possible. In this perspective we describe the most recent progress in understanding the reactivity of these historically elusive molecules, explore the atmospheric chemistry implications of new experimental discoveries, and propose important new areas for investigation.

Research frontiers in the chemistry of Criegee intermediates and tropospheric ozonolysis

Cyanobacterial nitrogen-fixers (diazotrophs) play a key role in biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen in the ocean. In recent years, the unusual symbiotic diazotrophic cyanobacterium Ateloc ...

/pdf/new-insights-into-the-ecology-of-the-globally-significant-1aaf0wsqoo.pdf

New insights into the ecology of the globally significant uncultured nitrogen-fixing symbiont UCYN-A

A fluorometric method is described which provides sensitive measurements of extracted chlorophyll a free from the errors associated with conventional acidification techniques. Fluorometric optical configurations were optimized to produce maximum sensitivity to Chl a while maintaining desensitized responses from both Chl b and pheopigments. Under the most extreme Chl b:Chl a ratio likely to occur in nature (1 : 1 molar), the new method results in only a 10% overestimate of the true Chl a value, while estimates from older acidification methods are 2.5-fold low. Under conditions of high pheopigment concentrations (pheo a: Chl a = 1 : 1 molar), the new method provides Chl a estimates that are equivalent to those determined from the acidification technique. The new simple method requires a single fluorescence determination and provides adequate sensitivity for small sample sizes (<200 ml) even in the most oligotrophic marine and freshwater environments.

Fluorometric analysis of chlorophyll a in the presence of chlorophyll b and pheopigments

Isoprene surface ocean concentrations and vertical distribution, atmospheric mixing ratios, and calculated sea-to-air fluxes spanning approximately 125° of latitude (80°N–45°S) over the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans are reported. Oceanic isoprene concentrations were associated with a number of concurrently monitored biological variables including chlorophyll a (Chl a), photoprotective pigments, integrated primary production (intPP), and cyanobacterial cell counts, with higher isoprene concentrations relative to all respective variables found at sea surface temperatures greater than 20°C. The correlation between isoprene and the sum of photoprotective carotenoids, which is reported here for the first time, was the most consistent across all cruises. Parameterizations based on linear regression analyses of these relationships perform well for Arctic and Atlantic data, producing a better fit to observations than an existing Chl a-based parameterization. Global extrapolation of isoprene surface water concentrations using satellite-derived Chl a and intPP reproduced general trends in the in situ data and absolute values within a factor of 2 between 60% and 85%, depending on the data set and algorithm used.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016GB005531

Potential controls of isoprene in the surface ocean

. Using the 15N2 tracer method and high-sensitivity δ15N analytical systems, we determined N2 fixation rates for ocean samples by dividing them into particulate (>0.7 μm) and filtrate (

/pdf/determination-of-total-n-2-fixation-rates-in-the-ocean-1kmbwg28t2.pdf

Determination of total N 2 fixation rates in the ocean taking into account both the particulate and filtrate fractions

Distributions of short-lived iodocarbons and biogenic trace gases in the open ocean and atmosphere in the western North Pacific

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Determination of total N 2 fixation rates in the ocean taking into account both the particulate and filtrate fractions

Distributions of short-lived iodocarbons and biogenic trace gases in the open ocean and atmosphere in the western North Pacific