CHAPTER 1 – The Alimentary System

Identification of the rotaviral gene that codes for hemagglutination and protease-enhanced plaque formation

Bovine coronaviruses, like other animal coronaviruses, have a predilection for intestinal and respiratory tracts. The viruses responsible for enteric and respiratory symptoms are closely related antigenically and genetically. Only 4 bovine coronavirus isolates have been completely sequenced and thus, the information about the genetics of the virus is still limited. This article reviews the clinical syndromes associated with bovine coronavirus, including pneumonia in calves and adult cattle, calf diarrhea, and winter dysentery; diagnostic methods; prevention using vaccination; and treatment, with adjunctive immunotherapy.

https://www.vetfood.theclinics.com/article/S0749-0720(09)00101-7/pdf

Bovine coronavirus associated syndromes.

The tissue culture-adapted strain (Mebus) of bovine coronavirus was grown in the presence of isotopically labeled amino acids, glucosamine, or orthophosphate for the purpose of analyzing the virion structural proteins. Five species of polypeptides were identified when purified virions were solubilized in urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate and resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Four species were glycosylated and had apparent molecular weights of 140,000, 120,000, 100,000, and 26,000. The glycoproteins were susceptible to proteolytic cleavage and enzymatic iodination when intact virions were studied and are thus at least partially external to the virion envelope. The 140,000-molecular-weight glycoprotein is apparently a dimer of 65,000-molecular-weight glycopolypeptides held together by disulfide linkages. Species 5 was phosphorylated and had an apparent molecular weight of 52,000. In the intact virion, it was unaffected by protease and was not enzymatically iodinated. It is therefore apparently an internal protein.

/pdf/bovine-coronavirus-structural-proteins-16dxqin6fy.pdf

Bovine coronavirus structural proteins.

Two monoclonal antibodies raised against Sindbis virus were shown to be specific for the envelope glycoprotein E1 by radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP). They had a number of contrasting biological properties. One of them was capable of neutralizing virus infectivity and inhibiting haemagglutination, while the other had no significant neutralizing or haemagglutination-inhibiting capability, but did inhibit virus-mediated haemolysis. Both monoclonal antibodies could enhance virus infectivity of Fc receptor-bearing macrophage-like cells when present at suitable dilutions.

Monoclonal antibodies to Sindbis virus glycoprotein E1 can neutralize, enhance infectivity, and independently inhibit haemagglutination or haemolysis

Epizootic diarrhoea of adult cattle associated with a coronavirus-like agent

Bovine adenovirus. II. A serotype, Fukuroi, recovered from Japanese cattle.

Bovine adenovirus. I. Recovery of a serotype, Nagano, from Japanese cattle.

Bovine coronavirus readily multiplied and induced marked cytopathic effect in BEK-1 cultures, thus providing a sensitive, practical assay system for viral infectivity and neutralizing antibody and a satisfactory source of the virus.

/pdf/replication-of-bovine-coronavirus-in-cell-line-bek-1-culture-50xts9z1ks.pdf

Replication of bovine coronavirus in cell line BEK-1 culture.

Bovine respiratory syncytial (BRS) virus propagated in calf kidney (BK) cell cultures was examined by negative contrast and thin section electron microscopy.

Structure of bovine respiratory syncytial virus.

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