Conventional management mechanisms for construction waste recycling and reuse (CWRR) often cause considerable information asymmetry, inadequate government supervision, and imperfect incentive mechanisms, resulting in frequent illegal dumping and landfilling of construction waste and relatively low recycling rates. To address these issues, we introduce blockchain technology to CWRR. The design science research methodology was adopted to identify the main steps in functional requirement identification and blockchain framework development for CWRR. To explain how blockchain can improve the CWRR process, a conceptual model for the functional requirements of the proposed framework was constructed using qualitative analysis. A blockchain-driven framework was developed to overcome practical barriers in the CWRR industry. Based on scenario simulation results, the proposed framework had execution and transaction costs of $4.735 and $1.276, respectively, and latency performance at the millisecond level. The results indicate that (1) based on specific problems systematically identified from CWRR practices, the proposed framework can address practical barriers in the CWRR industry more directly; (2) the CWRR industry can use blockchain technology to achieve information sharing, comprehensive government supervision, and effective incentive mechanisms and (3) the blockchain-driven framework has high efficacy and can promote efficient CWRR and high-quality development of CWRR industry chain. This management model is conducive to forming a collaborative CWRR industry chain that can lead to broader adoption of blockchain technology across industries. 

Blockchain-driven Framework for Construction Waste Recycling and Reuse

Purpose. The purpose is to reveal the theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation and application of blockchain technology in the economic activity of agricultural enterprises, taking into account the economic feasibility of their implementation and determining the system of elements of the implementation of blockchain technology in agriculture. 
Methodology / approach. The following methods were used during the research: analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction – when determining the goal and formulating research conclusions; comparative, calculation, statistical and graphic – when evaluating, analyzing, comparing and determining the current state of implementation of blockchain technology in the economic activity of agricultural enterprises. The method of surveying agricultural producers regarding their awareness of blockchain technology and the benefits of its application was also used. The research used: a theoretical approach (based on the analysis of theoretical aspects of blockchain technology and its application in agriculture) and a practical approach (on the basis of the proposed methodology, the economic feasibility of using blockchain technology in the economic activity of an agricultural enterprise was determined). 
Results. The main areas of influence of blockchain technology in agriculture have been determined. It has been established that every year the amount of funding for the implementation of blockchain technology is increasing, and the reasons are identified. The world experience of implementing blockchain technology in the economic activity of agricultural producers is considered. The results of a survey of agricultural producers of the Mykolaiv and Kirovohrad regions regarding their awareness of blockchain technology and the benefits of its implementation are highlighted. The objective reasons that affect the implementation of blockchain technology in agricultural production are determined and ways of its popularization are proposed. An action algorithm for the introduction of blockchain technology for agricultural producers has been developed. Agricultural producers who are potentially ready and financially able to implement this technology in their activities have been identified. The main factors affecting the cost of implementing blockchain technology in agricultural production have been identified. A methodology for calculating the economic feasibility of implementing blockchain technology according to optimistic and pessimistic options is proposed, and the calculation of the net present value, payback period, discounted payback period of the project, internal rate of return and the rate of return on the example of a specific enterprise of the Mykolaiv region is carried out. Based on theoretical and practical approaches, a system of elements for implementing this technology in agriculture has been developed. 
Originality / scientific novelty. The novelty consists in the implementation of a comprehensive theoretical study of the problems and prospects of the implementation of blockchain technology in agriculture; for the first time, a system of elements for the implementation of blockchain technology in agriculture was developed; an algorithm of actions for agricultural enterprises that plan to implement this technology was improved; a methodology for calculating the economic feasibility of implementing blockchain technology in an agricultural enterprise was proposed. 
Practical value / significance. The results can be used in the process of decision-making by business entities regarding the implementation of blockchain technology and the calculation of its economic feasibility, during the optimization of the processes of management of production, financing, supply chains, etc., as well as by scientists, government bodies and other entities that are interested in implementation of blockchain technology in agriculture.

https://are-journal.com/are/article/download/711/404

Implementation of blockchain technology in agriculture: fashionable trends or requirements of the modern economy

In recent years, blockchain has attracted extensive interest due to its decentralised and tamper-resistant nature. However, the immutability of data on the blockchain creates a number of difficulties, such as the inability to eradicate malicious transactions and modify incorrect transactions. To facilitate logical editing, the majority of existing research on editable blockchains concentrates on block-level replacement or the addition of new transactions. However, the former produces unverifiable editing records, whereas the latter lacks a secure access mechanism despite retaining evidence of inaccurate data. In addition, previous research did not completely consider the characteristics of the data to be edited, causing subsequent transactions to be affected and rendered ineffective. A model of an editable blockchain is proposed to resolve these issues. First, the blockchain's underlying data structure is redesigned to include temporal attributes and built-in indexes, using general evidence data as an example. Second, the introduction of new algorithms for submission, amending, and querying enables the logical editing of blockchain data via subsequent appended transactions. This method preserves evidence for erroneous transactions while providing users with a secure interface. To address the issue of subsequent transaction failures, the data structure and associated algorithms for transaction types with significant contextual dependencies are enhanced. These enhancements ensure that data modification does not affect subsequent transactions. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that the proposed model permits blockchain editability while preserving system performance. By incorporating these innovations, it is possible to provide a framework for IoT transactions that is more flexible and secure, thereby circumventing the limitations of traditional immutable blockchains.

Editable Blockchain for Secure IoT Transactions

In this study, the fatigue strength of polished drill pipe specimens was investigated and compared with previous test results of corroded and not-corroded pipes. The resonant fatigue test rig, which was designed and implemented by the University of Pisa, is initially presented by providing a detailed description of the set-up of the machine, the calibration of the strain gauges, the control system, and the correct identification of the vibrational node locations. A polishing rig was also designed and put into operation to remove the corrosion pits from the outer surface of almost the entire length of the drill pipe specimens. After the fatigue tests with the resonant rig, and the observation of the fatigue fracture of the specimens, a few samples were extracted from different zones (corroded and not corroded) of the failed drill pipe specimens. This allowed for investigations to be carried out using a scanning electronic microscope. The obtained results were analyzed using the Murakami model, and a discussion is presented about the effect of the corrosion pits on the fatigue strength. 

Resonant Fatigue Tests on Polished Drill Pipe Specimens

In this study, a resonant bending fatigue test rig, designed and implemented by the University of Pisa, is presented, providing a detailed description of the set-up of the machine, the strain gauges calibrations, and the control system used with the main electronic devices. Several geometries of drill pipe connections and pipe samples made of different materials were tested, and all the obtained experimental fatigue results are presented in the paper and compared to previous experimental data. Fractographic images are provided to clearly show that, in two kinds of drill pipe connections, the crack initiation was found at the connection zone, whereas for another connection geometry, it was found at the pipe body. In order to interpret these latter results, a discussion about the section modulus of bending of the various sections of the drill pipes was provided, along with an FE model of a specific zone of one of these connections.

Resonant Fatigue Tests on Drill Pipe Connections with Different Geometries and Sizes

New design method of unequal taper thread (UTT) pairs and its application in API NC38 thread improvement

A survey on the efficiency, reliability, and security of data query in blockchain systems

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New design method of unequal taper thread (UTT) pairs and its application in API NC38 thread improvement

A survey on the efficiency, reliability, and security of data query in blockchain systems