Assessment of soil fertility degradation affected by mining disturbance and land use in a coalfield via machine learning

Land subsidence due to underground mining results in soil nutrient loss and reduced soil fertility. Land reclamation, which refers to the improvement of soil nutrients through targeted measures, requires spatial and temporal distribution information on the soil properties. However, this has not yet been studied. Therefore, the spatial autocorrelation of soil chemical and biological properties was examined in the Pingdingshan coal mining area during four seasons in China from 80 collected and analyzed soil samples. The spatial autocorrelation was determined by the global and local Moran’s indices. Spatial clustering and variability were analyzed with ArcGIS 10.2 (Environmental Systems Research Institute, ESRI, USA) and GeoDa 7.0 software (Center for Spatial Data Science in University of Chicago, USA). Soil pH and the soil total carbon (TC) content, soil total nitrogen (TN) content, soil available phosphorus (AP) content, and soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN) content were measured as soil chemical properties. The soil biological properties included the quantities of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi. The soil chemical and biological properties showed a strong spatial autocorrelation during the four seasons. “High-high” and “low-low” were the dominant autocorrelation types that were distributed in serious and light subsidence areas. The soil properties decreased as the mining subsidence degree increased. Both the soil TC and soil AP contents were highest in spring, the soil TN content was highest in autumn, and the soil AN content was highest in summer. These results provide a reliable theoretical reference for land reclamation and ecological restoration in mining areas. 

Seasonal and spatial variations in soil biochemical properties in areas with different degrees of mining subsidence in Central China

We confront Yukawa modified cosmology, proposed in arXiv:2304.11492 by Jusufi et al., with data from Supernovae Type Ia (SNe Ia) and Hubble parameter (OHD) observations. Yukawa cosmology is obtained from a Yukawa-like gravitational potential, with coupling parameter $\alpha$ and wavelength parameter $\lambda$, which gives rise to modified Friedmann equations. We show that the agreement with observations is very efficient, and within $1\sigma$ confidence level we find the best-fit parameters $\lambda=2693_{-1262}^{+1191}\, \rm Mpc$, and $\alpha=0.416_{-0.326}^{+1.137}$, and a graviton mass of approximately $m_g \simeq 5.6\times 10^{-43}$ GeV. Additionally, we establish a connection between the effective dark matter and dark energy density parameters and the angular radius of the black hole shadow of the SgrA and M87 black holes in the low-redshift limit, which is consistent with the findings of the Event Horizon Telescope.

Observational Constraints on Yukawa Cosmology and Connection with Black Hole Shadows

pdf/magnetically-charged-regular-black-holes-in-f-r-t-gravity-17pba875ek.pdf

Magnetically charged regular black holes in f(R,T) gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics

Abstract The thermodynamics for regular black holes (RBHs) is considered under the restricted phase space (RPS) formalism. It is shown that the RPS formalism seems to hold for RBHs, however, in order for the extensive thermodynamic parameters to be independent from each other, the RBHs need to be viewed as intermediate thermodynamic states in a larger class of black holes (BHs) which admit both regular and singular states. This idea is checked for several classes of BHs. In particular, for the electrically charged Hayward class BHs, it is shown that the regular states can either be thermodynamically stable or unstable, depending on the amount of charges carried by the BHs. The quasinormal frequencies for the Hayward class BHs are also analyzed, and it turns out that, even for the thermodynamically unstable regular states, the dynamic stability still holds, at least under massless scalar perturbations. 

Thermodynamics for regular black holes as intermediate thermodynamic states and quasinormal frequencies

We investigate the quasinormal modes of a massless scalar ﬁeld in a Schwarzschild black hole, which is deformed due to noncommutative corrections. We present the deformed Schwarzschild black hole solution, which depends on the noncommutative parameter Θ, and we extract the master equation as a Schr¨odinger-like equation, giving the explicit expression of the eﬀective potential which is modiﬁed due to the noncommutative corrections. We solve the master equation numerically and we ﬁnd that the noncommutative gravitational corrections “break” the stability of the scalar perturbations in the long time evolution of the massless scalar ﬁeld. The signiﬁcance of these results is twofold. Firstly, our results can be related to the detection of gravitational waves by the near future gravitational wave detectors, such as LISA, which will have a signiﬁcantly increased accuracy. In particular, these observed gravitational waves produced by binary strong gravitational systems have oscillating modes which can provide valuable information. Secondly, our results can serve as an additional tool to test the predictions of general relativity, as well as to examine the possible detection of this kind of gravitational corrections.

pdf/quasinormal-modes-in-noncommutative-schwarzschild-black-18doc994.pdf

Quasinormal Modes in Noncommutative Schwarzschild black holes

Trend change of soil nutrients in the green slope of an open pit coal mine dump

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Quasinormal Modes in Noncommutative Schwarzschild black holes

Trend change of soil nutrients in the green slope of an open pit coal mine dump