In the last few decades, pharmaceuticals, credited with saving millions of lives, have emerged as a new class of environmental contaminant. These compounds can have both chronic and acute harmful effects on natural flora and fauna. The presence of pharmaceutical contaminants in ground waters, surface waters (lakes, rivers, and streams), sea water, wastewater treatment plants (influents and effluents), soils, and sludges has been well doccumented. A range of methods including oxidation, photolysis, UV-degradation, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and adsorption has been used for their remediation from aqueous systems. Many methods have been commercially limited by toxic sludge generation, incomplete removal, high capital and operating costs, and the need for skilled operating and maintenance personnel. Adsorption technologies are a low-cost alternative, easily used in developing countries where there is a dearth of advanced technologies, skilled personnel, and available capital, and adsorption appears to be the most broadly feasible pharmaceutical removal method. Adsorption remediation methods are easily integrated with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Herein, we have reviewed the literature (1990-2018) illustrating the rising environmental pharmaceutical contamination concerns as well as remediation efforts emphasizing adsorption.

Pharmaceuticals of Emerging Concern in Aquatic Systems: Chemistry, Occurrence, Effects, and Removal Methods.

Role of nanomaterials in water treatment applications: a review.

Surface functional groups of carbon-based adsorbents and their roles in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions: A critical review.

Treatment Technologies for Emerging Contaminants in water: A review

Occurrence, fate, and risk assessment of typical tetracycline antibiotics in the aquatic environment: A review.

Studies on the removal of tetracycline by multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The investigation of synergistic and competitive interaction between dye Congo red and methyl blue on magnetic MnFe2O4

A novel adsorbent of CaFe 2 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was synthesized as an efficient adsorbent to removal dye pollutants, cationic dye (crystal violet, CV) and acid dye (congo red, CR) were investigated in single and binary systems. Adsorption tests showed that CaFe 2 O 4 MNPs presented an excellent high affinity to CR (efficiency of CR removal, 96.1%), while CV was hardly adsorbed in single system. The remarkably high adsorption efficiency of CR dyes on CaFe 2 O 4 is rationalized on the basis of H-bonding interactions as well as dipole–dipole between adsorbent and acid dye molecules. In a binary dye system, CaFe 2 O 4 showed enhanced adsorption for CV, and the adsorption percentage for CV increased from 5.0% to 30.4%. The enhanced adsorption was attributed to the synergistic effect due to the electronic attraction between CV and CR, which promoted CV co-adsorption on CaFe 2 O 4 . Because of the excellent regeneration capacity the CaFe 2 O 4 MNPs are considered to be interesting materials for the uptake of, for instance, toxic dyes from wastewater.

Enhancement removal of crystal violet dye using magnetic calcium ferrite nanoparticle: Study in single- and binary-solute systems

Tailorable yolk-shell Fe3O4@graphitic carbon submicroboxes as efficient extraction materials for highly sensitive determination of trace sulfonamides in food samples.

Investigation on the degradation of brilliant green induced oxidation by NiFe2O4 under microwave irradiation

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