Ground surfaces are often carefully designed and engineered with various textures to fit the functionalities of human environments and thus could contain rich context information for smart wearables. Ground surface detection could power a wide array of applications including activity recognition, mobile health, and context-aware computing, and potentially provide an additional channel of information for many existing kinesiology approaches such as gait analysis. To facilitate the detection of ground surfaces, we present LaserShoes, a texture-sensing-enabled system using laser speckle imaging that can be retrofitted to shoes. Our system captures videos of speckle patterns induced on ground surfaces and uses pre-processing to identify ideal images with clear speckle patterns collected when users’ feet are in contact with ground surfaces. We demonstrated our technique with a ResNet-18 model and achieved real-time inference. We conducted an evaluation in different conditions and demonstrated results that verified the feasibility.

/pdf/lasershoes-low-cost-ground-surface-detection-using-laser-36fimr1o.pdf

LaserShoes: Low-Cost Ground Surface Detection Using Laser Speckle Imaging

Printing with hydrotalcite hybrid nanoclays and dispersed, reactive, direct dyes

Concerns about the health of the planet have grown dramatically, and the dyeing sector of the textile industry is one of the most polluting of all industries. Nanoclays can clean dyeing wastewater using their adsorption capacities. In this study, as a new finding, it was possible to analyze and quantify the amount of metal ions substituted by anionic dyes when adsorbed, and to determine the optimal amount of nanoclay to be used to adsorb all the dye. The tests demonstrated the specific amount of nanoclay that must be used and how to optimize the subsequent processes of separation and processing of the nanoclay. Hydrotalcite was used as the adsorbent material. Direct dyes were used in this research. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns allowed the shape recovery of the hydrotalcite to be checked and confirmed the adsorption of the dyes. An FTIR analysis was used to check the presence of characteristic groups of the dyes in the resulting hybrids. The thermogravimetric (TGA) tests corroborated the dye adsorption and the thermal fastness improvement. Total solar reflectance (TSR) showed increased radiation protection for UV-VIS-NIR. Through the work carried out, it has been possible to establish the maximum adsorption point of hydrotalcite.

/pdf/the-optimal-concentration-of-nanoclay-hydrotalcite-for-umwcwtej.pdf

The Optimal Concentration of Nanoclay Hydrotalcite for Recovery of Reactive and Direct Textile Colorants

Textile effluents are among the most polluting industrial effluents in the world. Textile finishing processes, especially dyeing, discharge large quantities of waste that is difficult to treat, such as dyes. By recovering this material from the water, in addition to cleaning and the possibility of reusing the water, there is the opportunity to reuse this waste as a raw material for dyeing different textile substrates. One of the lines of reuse is the use of hybrid nanoclays obtained from the adsorption of dyes, which allow dye baths to be made for textile substrates. This study analyses how, through the use of the nanoadsorbent hydrotalcite, dyes classified by their charge as anionic, cationic and non-ionic can be adsorbed and recovered for successful reuse in new dye baths. The obtained hybrids were characterised by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the colour was analysed by spectrophotometer in the UV-VIS range. The dyes made on cotton, polyester and acrylic fabrics are subjected to different colour degradation tests to assess their viability as final products, using reflection spectroscopy to measure the colour attribute before and after the tests, showing results consistent with those of a conventional dye.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/1/808/pdf?version=1672708726

Dyeing with Hydrotalcite Hybrid Nanoclays and Disperse, Basic and Direct Dyes

The paper describes research challenges arising from the increasing interest in supporting more immersive and more intelligent environments that enable the next generation of seamless human and physical interactions. These environments span the gamut from augmented-physical to virtual, and are referred to hereafter as the Metaverse. We focus on challenges that constitute a natural extension of Internet of Things (IoT) research. Among the key applications of IoT has always been the integration of physical and cyber environments to endow "things" with a better contextual understanding of their surroundings, and endow human users with more seamless means of perception and control, ranging from smart home automation to industrial applications. This IoT vision was based on the premise that the number of physical "things" on the Internet will soon significantly outpace humans. Intelligent IoT further envisions a proliferation of edge intelligence with which humans will interact. The paper elaborates the research challenges that extrapolate the above trajectory. 

Challenges in Metaverse Research: An Internet of Things Perspective

Force sensing has been a key enabling technology for a wide range of interfaces such as digitally enhanced body and world surfaces for touch interactions. Additionally, force often contains rich contextual information about user activities and can be used to enhance machine perception for improved user and environment awareness. To sense force, conventional approaches rely on contact sensors made of pressure-sensitive materials such as piezo films/discs or force-sensitive resistors. We present ForceSight, a non-contact force sensing approach using laser speckle imaging. Our key observation is that object surfaces deform in the presence of force. This deformation, though very minute, manifests as observable and discernible laser speckle shifts, which we leverage to sense the applied force. This non-contact force-sensing capability opens up new opportunities for rich interactions and can be used to power user-/environment-aware interfaces. We first built and verified the model of laser speckle shift with surface deformations. To investigate the feasibility of our approach, we conducted studies on metal, plastic, wood, along with a wide variety of materials. Additionally, we included supplementary tests to fully tease out the performance of our approach. Finally, we demonstrated the applicability of ForceSight with several demonstrative example applications.

/pdf/forcesight-non-contact-force-sensing-with-laser-speckle-2zq404tc.pdf

ForceSight: Non-Contact Force Sensing with Laser Speckle Imaging

Manufacturing of high quality hydrotalcite by computational fluid dynamics simulation of an impinging jet crystallizer

Reasonable application of organic-inorganic soil conditioners can effectively improve the structure and fertility of reclaimed soil in abandoned homestead. Aggregate stability is an important indicator to evaluate soil structure and fertility, and is largely influenced by soil internal forces (van der Waals attractive force, electrostatic repulsive force, hydration repulsive force) and particle surface properties. However, there are few studies on the influence of different soil conditioners on the reclaimed soil internal forces and its relationship with the aggregate stability. Therefore, we selected six different treatments of organic fertilizer (TO), fly ash (TF), maturing agent (TM), maturing agent + organic fertilizer (TMO), fly ash + organic fertilizer (TFO) and control (CK) to conduct a 5-year field experiment to study the effects of reclaimed soil particle interaction forces and surface characteristics on aggregate stability under the treatment of different soil conditioners. The results showed that with the application of soil conditioners, the soil organic matter (SOM), specific surface area (SSA), surface charge (σ0), cation exchange capacity (CEC), aggregate mean weight diameter (MWD) and Hamaker constant increased gradually, while the pH value decreased slightly. In particular, the MWD under the treatments of TFO and TMO increased by 150.3% and 65.6% respectively compared with that under the CK treatment. With the increasing application of soil conditioners, the electrostatic repulsive force and van der Waals attractive force between reclaimed soil particles increased constantly, but the net resultant force between particles decreased and the net attractive force increased continuously, thus improving the aggregate stability. Therefore, there is a significant negative correlation between the net resultant force among reclaimed soil particles and MWD and CEC. In addition, 10−2 mol L-1 is the critical concentration that affects the reclaimed soil internal force, and the organic-inorganic treatments of TFO and TMO can improve the net resultant force better. In a word, the particle interaction forces are important factors affecting the reclaimed soil structural stability, and this study provides a scientific reference for the rational selection of soil conditioners and its interaction force mechanism in the reclaimed soil improvement.

Interaction force mechanism for the improvement of reclaimed soil aggregate stability in abandoned homestead by different organic-inorganic soil conditioners

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ForceSight: Non-Contact Force Sensing with Laser Speckle Imaging

Manufacturing of high quality hydrotalcite by computational fluid dynamics simulation of an impinging jet crystallizer

Interaction force mechanism for the improvement of reclaimed soil aggregate stability in abandoned homestead by different organic-inorganic soil conditioners

LumosX: 3D Printed Anisotropic Light-Transfer