Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), also known as anionic clays, have attracted significant attention in energy and environmental applications due to their exceptional physicochemical properties. These materials possess a unique structure with surface hydroxyl groups, tunable properties, and high stability, making them highly desirable. In this review, the synthesis and functionalization of LDHs have been explored including co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods. Furthermore, extensive research on LDH application in toxic pollutant removal has shown that modifying or functionalizing LDHs using materials such as activated carbon, polymers, and inorganics is crucial for achieving efficient pollutant adsorption, improved cyclic performance, as well as effective catalytic oxidation of organics and photoreduction. This study offers a comprehensive overview of the progress made in the field of LDHs and LDH-based composites for water and wastewater treatment. It critically discusses and explains both direct and indirect synthesis and modification techniques, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, this review critically discusses and explains the potential of LDH-based composites as absorbents. Importantly, it focuses on the capability of LDH and LDH-based composites in heterogeneous catalysis, including the Fenton reaction, Fenton-like reactions, photocatalysis, and photoreduction, for the removal of organic dyes, organic micropollutants, and heavy metals. The mechanisms involved in pollutant removal, such as adsorption, electrostatic interaction, complexation, and degradation, are thoroughly explained. Finally, this study outlines future research directions in the field. 

Progress in layered double hydroxides (LDHs): Synthesis and application in adsorption, catalysis and photoreduction.

Integrating calcium-looping cycle (CaL) with reverse-water–gas-shift (RWGS) reaction represents an effective path to realizing integrated CO2 capture and utilization (ICCU). Screening a suitable catalyst to construct highly efficient CaO-based dual function materials (DFMs) is essential for CaL-RWGS. In the current work, M@CaO (M = Ni, Co, Mn, and Fe) DFMs are prepared for CaL-RWGS, and the influence of catalyst component on the structure, CO2 capture and RWGS performance, and kinetic behaviors of the CaO-based DFMs is investigated. Results show that the interaction between CaO and catalyst affects the average grain size and dispersion of metallic catalyst, oxygen vacancy concentration, surface basicity, and reducibility of CaO-based DFMs. The desired Mn@CaO DFMs exhibit outstanding CaL-RWGS performance at 650 °C, 15%CO2 and 50%H2, with a great CO2 uptake (12.30 mmol CO2/g), a favorable CO yield (5.92 mmol CO/g), and an impressive CO2 conversion (53.53%), as well as a high CO selectivity (89.98%). Furthermore, Mn@CaO exhibits excellent carbonation and regeneration kinetics but inferior working stability for CO2 capture and CO production in multiple CaL-RWGS cycles. Overall, Mn could be a competitive and cost-effective catalyst candidate for high-performance CaO-based DFMs for CaL-RWGS applications, while further work is needed to improve cyclic stability. 

Integrating calcium-looping and reverse-water–gas-shift reaction for CO2 capture and conversion: Screening of optimum catalyst

ZnO is a significant semiconductor material with the characteristics of direct band gap, large exciton binding energy, and easy growth of high-quality nanostructures, and it is widely used in various fields. However, obtaining high-quality p-type ZnO has become a significant obstacle to the wide application of ZnO. The research on p-ZnO started several decades ago and is regarded as the research focus. Many researchers have obtained high-quality p-ZnO by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD). To obtain high-quality p-ZnO, researchers have used some “better” techniques to improve the crystal quality and mobility of p-ZnO, such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and post-treatment. This review provides an overview of some methods for obtaining high-quality p-ZnO, such as increasing the acceptor concentration, shallowing acceptor energy levels, and reducing donor defects. In addition, we also review the applications of p-ZnO in LEDs, UV detectors, thin-film transistors, gas sensing, bionic materials, and other fields. 

ZnO with p-Type Doping: Recent Approaches and Applications

Cement production is one of the largest industrial sources of CO2 emissions due to the thermal decomposition of limestone (CaCO3). We integrate the chemical engineering strategy into the cement production and propose a novel process of "Carbonate Dry Reforming of Methane (CaDRM)" that converts the limestone (CaCO3) directly into the cement clinker precursor (CaO) and syngas (CO + H2) through reacting with methane (CH4). Thermodynamic analysis indicates the reaction temperature of CaDRM is lowered by at least 200 °C compared with CaCO3 thermal decomposition. Lab-scale experimental studies show a 95 % CaO yield at a 91 % syngas selectivity and 90 % CH4 conversion in CaDRM using cement raw meal at 700 °C. Process simulation scale-up and economic analysis indicate CaDRM pathway can reduce 37.2 % CO2 emission in comparison with the conventional CaCO3 thermal decomposition pathway. More significantly, the net profit of $271.0/t (clinker) can be achieved by the value-added syngas products and the energy saving. The economic and environmental benefits of the proposed CaDRM strategy can help its future commercial deployment. 

Chemical engineering solution for carbon neutrality in cement industry: Tailor a pathway from inevitable CO2 emission into syngas

An overview of silicon-air batteries: Principle, current state and future perspectives

Co-thermal in-situ reduction of inorganic carbonates to reduce carbon-dioxide emission

Electrocatalytic technology provides a promising approach for energy storage, conversion, and utilization. The design and modification of electrocatalysts have been widely applied to improve the performance of electrocatalytic reactions, but bottlenecks can be entered that make it hard to make dramatic progress. The achievement of high‐performance electrocatalysis requires a continuous effort in advancing the new techniques. The introduction of external fields is an attractive approach to improve the mass transfer and change the reaction kinetics, which can remarkably enhance the electrocatalytic performance. This review describes the recent developments in the application of various external fields, including light, magnetic fields, elastic strain, external pressure, and gravity, to boost electrocatalytic reactions (e.g., water splitting, alcohols oxidation, CO2 reduction, and N2 reduction). The relevant mechanisms of external fields to boost charge transport, mass transfer, and the adsorption of reactants are highlighted. Finally, the remaining challenges and future opportunities for coupling external fields with electrocatalysis are discussed.

Recent Advances in External Fields‐Enhanced Electrocatalysis

Catalysis has been widely concerned due to its dominant position in the chemical industry. Defect engineering in synthesizing the highly active exposed facet is considered to be a most promising...

Semi-quantitative determination of the active sites in heterogeneous catalysts for photo/electrocatalysis

http://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=37315

Thermal Decomposition of Carbonates Coupled with Dry Reforming of Methane to Synthesize High-Value Products: A Perspective

BACKGROUND Erythrocyte alloantibodies are mainly produced after immune stimulation, such as blood transfusion, pregnancy, and transplantation, and are the leading causes of severe hemolytic transfusion reactions and difficulty in blood grouping and matching. Therefore, antibody screening is critical to prevent and improve red cell alloantibodies. Routine tube assay is the primary detection method of antibody screening. Recently, erythrocyte-magnetized technology (EMT) has been increasingly used in clinical practice. This study intends to probe the application and efficacy of the conventional tube and EMT in red blood cell alloantibody titration to provide a reference for clinical blood transfusion. AIM To investigate the application value of conventional tube and EMT in red blood cell alloantibody titration and enhance the safety of blood transfusion practice. METHODS A total of 1298 blood samples were harvested from blood donors at the Department of Blood Transfusion of our hospital from March 2021 to December 2022. A 5 mL blood sample was collected in tubing, which was then cut, and the whole blood was put into a test tube for centrifugation to separate the serum. Different red blood cell blood group antibody titers were simultaneously detected using the tube polybrene test, tube antiglobulin test (AGT), and EMT screening irregular antibody methods to determine the best test method. RESULTS Simultaneous detection was performed through the tube polybrene test, tube AGT and EMT screening irregular antibodies. It was discovered that the EMT screening irregular antibody method could detect all immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) irregular antibodies, and the results of manual tube AGT were satisfactory, but the operation time was lengthy, and the equipment had a large footprint. The EMT screening irregular antibody assay was also conducted to determine its activity against type O Rh (D) red blood cells, and the outcomes were satisfactory. Furthermore, compared to the conventional tube method, the EMT screening irregular antibody method was more cost-effective and had significantly higher detection efficiency. CONCLUSION With a higher detection rate, the EMT screening irregular antibody method can detect both IgG and IgM irregular antibodies faster and more effectively than the conventional tube method.

Comparison of the conventional tube and erythrocyte-magnetized technology in titration of red blood cell alloantibodies

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