Asymmetric membranes as ideal wound dressings: An overview on production methods, structure, properties and performance relationship

A series of novel polyurethane/siloxane-based wound dressing membranes was prepared through sol–gel reaction of methoxysilane end-functionalized urethane prepolymers composed of castor oil and rici...

Stimulation of Wound Healing by Electroactive, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Polyurethane/Siloxane Dressing Membranes: In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluations

Today, none of the wound dressings available on the market is fully capable of reproducing all the features of native skin. Herein, an asymmetric electrospun membrane was produced to mimic both layers of skin. It comprises a top dense layer (manufactured with polycaprolactone) that was designed to provide mechanical support to the wound and a bottom porous layer (composed of chitosan and Aloe Vera) aimed to improve the bactericidal activity of the membrane and ultimately the healing process. The results obtained revealed that the produced asymmetric membranes displayed a porosity, wettability, as well as mechanical properties similar to those presented by the native skin. Fibroblast cells were able to adhere, spread, and proliferate on the surface of the membranes and the intrinsic structure of the two layers of the membrane is capable of avoiding the invasion of microorganisms while conferring bioactive properties. Such data reveals the potential of these asymmetric membranes, in the near future, to be applied as wound dressings.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/9/5/183/pdf

Electrospun Polycaprolactone/Aloe Vera_Chitosan Nanofibrous Asymmetric Membranes Aimed for Wound Healing Applications.

Polyurethane/carboxymethylcellulose nanofibers containing Malva sylvestris extract for healing diabetic wounds: Preparation, characterization, in vitro and in vivo studies.

Shape-Memory Bionanocomposites Based on Chitin Nanocrystals and Thermoplastic Polyurethane with a Highly Crystalline Soft Segment

Sulfanilamide-conjugated polyurethane coating with enzymatically-switchable antimicrobial capability for leather finishing

By combining solvent evaporation with wet phase inversion technique, an asymmetric polyurethane membrane (ASPU) was constructed from a sulfanilamide-conjugated PU, as a potential candidate for wound dressing application. As a result of the combined membrane-formation method, the ASPU membrane was constituted by an integral and dense skin layer supported by a porous sublayer. The skin layer was found impermeable to pathogenic organisms, while the sublayer was intended for draining excessive exudates. Compared with typical PU membrane dressings commercially available, the ASPU membrane exhibited a reasonable moisture vapor transmission rate, as well as significantly improved gas circulation and exudate absorption capabilities, which synergistically optimized the wound microenvironment for proper healing. Furthermore, the sulfanilamide-conjugated PU constituting ASPU membrane was designed as susceptible to urease, a representative hydrolase derived from inflammation-causing pathogens. In the presence of urease, urea linkages adjacent to sulfanilamide monomeric units were found catalytically cleaved, enabling release of free antibiotic sulfanilamide that held pharmacological activity from ASPU membrane. When incubated without urease, those cleavage sites exhibited substantially high resistance against hydrolysis so that no sulfanilamide release was detected throughout the incubation period. In this inflammation-responsive manner, the anti-inflammatory efficiency of antibiotics was significantly enhanced, while undesirable side effects associated with antibiotic abuse was minimized. Cell culture assay further revealed that the ASPU membrane displayed no cytotoxicity toward normal human dermis fibroblasts, suggesting a biocompatible potential. Based on these results, the multifunctional ASPU membrane designed in this study might be clinically suitable as an ideal biomedical dressing for wound care.

Asymmetric polyurethane membrane with inflammation-responsive antibacterial activity for potential wound dressing application

Completely contrary to classical composite theory, the gas permeability of certain rigid polymers was frequently found to increase upon addition of nonporous, nanoscale inorganic particles. Until now, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, polycaprolactone–TiO2 nanocomposite model was computationally constructed to clarify this issue. The molecular dynamics simulation results indicated that such counterintuitive behaviors arose from an extra region with depleted matrix phase and, hence, higher free volume at the polymer–filler interface. Owing to its inaccessibility and delicacy, this interfacial region was indiscernible by experimental means. However, it could be qualitatively visualized and quantitatively measured by simulated density field and density profile, respectively. By reproducing the thermodynamic property of polycaprolactone, we also conducted, for the first time, a comparative simulation of how polymer chains that shared the same primary structure but differed in rigidity b...

Counterintuitive Gas Transport through Polymeric Nanocomposite Membrane: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Asymmetrical polyurethane/nano TiO2 thin film wound dressing and preparation method thereof

Polyurethane drug release controlling body with thermoswitch and preparation method thereof

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