Single-crystalline (SC) Li[Ni1–x–yCoxMny]O2 (NCM) cathodes are an effective solution for countering the interparticle cracking of Ni-rich NCM cathodes with Ni < 80%. Transmission electron microscopy analysis indicates that no irreversible structural damage is observed when the SC-Li[Ni0.7Co0.15Mn0.15]O2 NCM cathode is charged to 4.3 V. However, in the charged SC-Li[Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05]O2 cathode the internal strain generated by the H2 → H3 transition is aggravated by the slow migration rate of Li ions, which produced nonuniform Li distributions and structural inhomogeneities. The charged SC-Li[Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05]O2 cathode experiences intraparticle cracking at a microscopic scale, and submicroscopic cracks appear at the boundaries among multiple phases present in the charged state even after the first charge. We suggest that a slow rate of Li extraction or particle size reduction would ameliorate the structural defects at the end of charging and improve the cycling stability for Ni-rich SC-layered cathodes Ni > 90%. 

Structural Stability of Single-Crystalline Ni-Rich Layered Cathode upon Delithiation

Cobalt-free Ni-rich layered oxides have become the most promising cathode candidates owing to their high capacity and environment-friendly characteristics. Although element doping and surface coating strategies could ameliorate the electrochemical performances of cobalt-free Ni-rich cathodes, manufacturing costs are inevitably increased. Especially, regulating precursor features has been regarded as a convenient and economical approach for fabricating desired cathode materials. However, the relationship between precursor trait and properties of cathode has been still unclear. In this work, precursor engineering designed by specific surface area has been proposed for the preparation of Co-free Ni-rich cathodes with tailorable properties, in which the cation mixing could be regulated by capillarity in the lithiation process. It is confirmed that the precursor with larger specific surface area exhibits smaller pore size, ensuring the better wettability and enhanced capillarity for homogeneous lithiation reaction. Triggered by the sufficient lithiation behavior, the synthesized LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2 cathode bearing with low Li+/Ni2+ cation mixing and reduced residual lithium shows the excellent rate ability endowed by fast Li+ diffusion kinetics. Meanwhile, the high cation mixing of LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2 cathode originated from insufficient lithiation reaction could bring out the cation-ordered superlattice structure, which greatly mitigates detrimental phase transition for improving the cycling stability. These novel insights provide a favorable perspective based on precursor tactics for elaborate syntheses of high-performance cobalt-free high-nickel cathode materials. 

Insights into the precursor specific surface area for engineering Co-free Ni-rich cathodes with tailorable properties

Advances of high-performance LiNi1-x-yCoxMyO2 cathode materials and their precursor particles via co-precipitation process

Cyano-rich g-C3 N4 materials are widely used in various fields of photochemistry due to the very powerful electron-absorbing ability and electron storage function of cyano, as well as its advantages in improving light absorption, adjusting the energy band structure, increasing the polarization rate and electron density in the structure, active site concentration, and promoting oxygen activation ability. Notwithstanding, there is yet a huge knowledge break in the design, preparation, detection, application, and prospect of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 . Accordingly, an overall review is arranged to substantially comprehend the research progress and position of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 materials. An overall overview of the current research position in the synthesis, characterization (determination of their location and quantity), application, and reaction mechanism analysis of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 materials to provide a quantity of novel suggestions for cyano-modified carbon nitride materials' construction is provided. In view of the prevailing challenges and outlooks of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 materials, this paper will purify the growth direction of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 , to achieve a more in-depth exploration and broaden the applications of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 .

Cyano-Rich g-C3 N4 in Photochemistry: Design, Applications, and Prospects.

Synthesis of single-crystal LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 materials for Li-ion batteries by microfluidic technology

Al, Zr dual-doped cobalt-free nickel-rich cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries


 Nickel-rich layered oxides (Ni≥90%) have been recognized as promising cathode materials for Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their high energy density and low cost. Here, we prepared 20 LiNi0.90Co0.06Mn0.04O2 (Ni90) samples with various morphologies by regulating sintering temperature and the lithium to transition metal ratio. The correlation between the synthesis conditions, structural properties, and electrochemical performance of Ni90 materials was thoroughly investigated during the evolution from polycrystal to single crystal. A positive and linear relationship was found between sintering temperature and primary particle size (PPS), which affect the electrochemical performance profoundly. Polycrystals with small PPS show a high discharge capacity and low polarization, while single crystals with large PPS have low discharge capacity but excellent cycling stability. Moreover, the sluggish kinetic properties of Ni90 materials at the end of discharge (a sharp drop in lithium-ion diffusion coefficient at the end of discharge) lead the morphology factors to a critical feature that dominates the total discharge capacity. Taking discharge capacity and cycling stability into consideration, the quasi-single crystal Ni90 materials with moderate PPS and the lowest cation disordering is the first choice. These findings contribute to a better understanding of polycrystalline and single-crystal Nickel-rich cathode materials for LIBs.

Correlating Morphological and Structural Evolution with the Electrochemical Performance of Nickel-Rich Cathode Materials: From Polycrystal to Single Crystal

Research on the utilization of ultra-long carbon nanotubes in lithium-ion batteries based on an environment-friendly society

A scalable dry chemical method for lithium borate coating to improve the performance of LiNi0.90Co0.06Mn0.04O2 cathode material

Cyano Group Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitride with K Intercalation for Sustainable Photodegradation of Pharmaceutical Waste

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