Several epidemiologic and toxicological studies have commonly viewed ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), defined as particles having an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm, as a significant potential danger to human health. PM2.5 is mostly absorbed through the respiratory system, where it can infiltrate the lung alveoli and reach the bloodstream. In the respiratory system, reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) and oxidative stress stimulate the generation of mediators of pulmonary inflammation and begin or promote numerous illnesses. According to the most recent data, fine particulate matter, or PM2.5, is responsible for nearly 4 million deaths globally from cardiopulmonary illnesses such as heart disease, respiratory infections, chronic lung disease, cancers, preterm births, and other illnesses. There has been increased worry in recent years about the negative impacts of this worldwide danger. The causal associations between PM2.5 and human health, the toxic effects and potential mechanisms of PM2.5, and molecular pathways have been described in this review.

/pdf/recent-insights-into-particulate-matter-pm2-5-mediated-2jjs7vkj.pdf

Recent Insights into Particulate Matter (PM2.5)-Mediated Toxicity in Humans: An Overview

Spatiotemporal variations and connections of single and multiple meteorological factors on PM2.5 concentrations in Xi'an, China

Optimizing the tunnel ventilation scheme is one of the main ways to achieve safe production in coal mines. Based on the actual production situation, computational fluid dynamics technology was used to study the distribution characteristics of an airflow–dust mixture for different air-absorption volumes (Qe) of the ventilation system during sub-regional coal cutting. According to the dust concentration values registered at different locations, the entropy weight method was applied to quantitatively analyze the dust absorption effect of the fan. The research results showed that: the dust distribution was jointly affected by the cutting unit and the completed cutting zone; moreover, the dust control effect was better in the middle cutting zones than in the others. Under the ventilation system, the overall distribution of dust in the tunnel could be roughly divided into three sections: the dust removal section (I), the dust blocking section (II), and the gentle section (III). The optimal Qe (575 m3/min) was determined based on the weight of the different zones. Finally, the entropy weight method was applied for determining the ideal mine ventilation system scheme and, hence, improve safety production in coal mines during sub-regional cutting dust production. 

Distribution characteristics of an airflow–dust mixture and quantitative analysis of the dust absorption effect during tunnel sub-regional coal cutting

This review paper discusses the most relevant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease has infected 70 million people and caused the death of 1.58 million people since the US Food and Drug Administration issued an Emergency Use Authorization to develop a vaccine to prevent COVID-19 on December 11, 2020. COVID-19 is a global crisis that has impacted everything directly connected with human beings, including the environment. This review discusses the impacts of COVID-19 on the environment during the pandemic and post-COVID-19 era. During the first months of the COVID pandemic, global coal, oil, gas, and electricity demands declined by 8%, 5%, 2%, and 20%, respectively, relative to 2019. Stay-at-home orders in countries increased the concentrations of particles in indoor environments while decreasing the concentrations of PM2.5 and NOX in outdoor environments. Remotely working in response to the COVID-19 pandemic increased the carbon, water, and land footprints of Internet usage. Microplastics are released into our environment from the mishandling and mismanagement of personal protective equipment that endanger our water, soils, and sediments. Since the COVID-19 vaccine cannot be stored for a long time and spoils rapidly, more awareness of the massive waste of unused doses is needed. So COVID-19 is a double-edged sword for the environment.

/pdf/covid-19-a-double-edged-sword-for-the-environment-a-review-32953qziq4.pdf

COVID-19, a double-edged sword for the environment: a review on the impacts of COVID-19 on the environment.

Coal exploration and burning activities are among the activities with the greatest potential to cause atmospheric pollution due to the combustion process of this mineral and the consequent release of particles that, in significant quantities, can pose a potential health risk, mainly respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The Candiota region, in the extreme south of Brazil, concentrates 40% of the national reserves of mineral coal, and its burning is capable of releasing air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM). Some environmental and epidemiological studies have been carried out in the region, but so far, there is no investigation to estimate the impact of PM on health outcomes. The current study aimed to estimate the mortality attributed to the PM, as well as the benefits in health indicators associated with the reduction of air pollution to the limits set forth in local legislation and the WHO. Daily data on PM levels collected from an air quality monitoring station over a year were used, as well as population data and health indicators from 7 cities influenced by mining activities, such as total mortality and cardiovascular diseases and hospitalizations for cardiac and respiratory problems. In a scenario where PM levels are within legal limits, a percentage greater than 11% of cardiovascular deaths was attributed to pollution by PM2.5, and the reduction in PM10 and PM2.5 levels may be responsible for the increase in the expectation of life in up to 17 months and monetary gains of more than $ 24 million, due to the reduction in hospitalizations and mortality. Studies of this nature should be important tools made available to decision-makers, with a view to improving environmental laws and a consequent improvement in the quality of life and health indicators of the population.

Health impact assessment of air pollution in an area of the largest coal mine in Brazil

Acute respiratory response to individual particle exposure (PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10) in the elderly with and without chronic respiratory diseases

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Acute respiratory response to individual particle exposure (PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10) in the elderly with and without chronic respiratory diseases