Lattice Boltzmann methods for multiphase flow and phase-change heat transfer

Over the past few decades, tremendous progress has been made in the development of particle-based discrete simulation methods versus the conventional continuum-based methods. In particular, the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method has evolved from a theoretical novelty to a ubiquitous, versatile and powerful computational methodology for both fundamental research and engineering applications. It is a kinetic-based mesoscopic approach that bridges the microscales and macroscales, which offers distinctive advantages in simulation fidelity and computational efficiency. Applications of the LB method have been found in a wide range of disciplines including physics, chemistry, materials, biomedicine and various branches of engineering. The present work provides a comprehensive review of the LB method for thermofluids and energy applications, focusing on multiphase flows, thermal flows and thermal multiphase flows with phase change. The review first covers the theoretical framework of the LB method, revealing the existing inconsistencies and defects as well as common features of multiphase and thermal LB models. Recent developments in improving the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic consistency, reducing the spurious currents, enhancing the numerical stability, etc., are highlighted. These efforts have put the LB method on a firmer theoretical foundation with enhanced LB models that can achieve larger liquid-gas density ratio, higher Reynolds number and flexible surface tension. Examples of applications are provided in fuel cells and batteries, droplet collision, boiling heat transfer and evaporation, and energy storage. Finally, further developments and future prospect of the LB method are outlined for thermofluids and energy applications.

/pdf/lattice-boltzmann-methods-for-multiphase-flow-and-phase-317u13czcx.pdf

We propose, analyze, and validate a lattice Boltzmann model with a cumulant collision operator. The new model is analytically and numerically shown to poses smaller errors than a moment based Multiple Relaxation Time lattice Boltzmann model. We demonstrate the usability of the cumulant lattice Boltzmann model by simulations of flow around a sphere for Reynolds numbers from 200 to 105.

The cumulant lattice Boltzmann equation in three dimensions: Theory and validation

Lattice Boltzmann modeling of boiling heat transfer: The boiling curve and the effects of wettability

In this paper, we present a simple and accurate lattice Boltzmann (LB) model for immiscible two-phase flows, which is able to deal with large density contrasts. This model utilizes two LB equations, one of which is used to solve the conservative Allen-Cahn equation, and the other is adopted to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. A forcing distribution function is elaborately designed in the LB equation for the Navier-Stokes equations, which make it much simpler than the existing LB models. In addition, the proposed model can achieve superior numerical accuracy compared with previous Allen-Cahn type of LB models. Several benchmark two-phase problems, including static droplet, layered Poiseuille flow, and spinodal decomposition are simulated to validate the present LB model. It is found that the present model can achieve relatively small spurious velocity in the LB community, and the obtained numerical results also show good agreement with the analytical solutions or some available results. Lastly, we use the present model to investigate the droplet impact on a thin liquid film with a large density ratio of 1000 and the Reynolds number ranging from 20 to 500. The fascinating phenomena of droplet splashing is successfully reproduced by the present model and the numerically predicted spreading radius exhibits to obey the power law reported in the literature.

pdf/phase-field-based-lattice-boltzmann-modeling-of-large-4sj0uqwyf6.pdf

Phase-field-based lattice Boltzmann modeling of large-density-ratio two-phase flows.

We conduct a comparative study to evaluate several lattice Boltzmann (LB) models for solving the near incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, including the lattice Boltzmann equation with the multiple-relaxation-time (MRT), the two-relaxation-time (TRT), the single-relaxation-time (SRT) collision models, and the entropic lattice Boltzmann equation (ELBE). The lid-driven square cavity flow in two dimensions is used as a benchmark test. Our results demonstrate that the ELBE does not improve the numerical stability of the SRT or the lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (LBGK) model. Our results also show that the MRT and TRT LB models are superior to the ELBE and LBGK models in terms of accuracy, stability, and computational efficiency and that the ELBE scheme is the most inferior among the LB models tested in this study, thus is unfit for carrying out numerical simulations in practice. Our study suggests that, to optimize the accuracy, stability, and efficiency in the MRT model, it requires at least three independently adjustable relaxation rates: one for the shear viscosity ν (or the Reynolds number Re), one for the bulk viscosity ζ, and one to satisfy the criterion imposed by the Dirichlet boundary conditions which are realized by the bounce-back-type boundary conditions.

/pdf/numerics-of-the-lattice-boltzmann-method-effects-of-2jmccvgvo0.pdf

Numerics of the lattice Boltzmann method: Effects of collision models on the lattice Boltzmann simulations

In this paper, we extend the wavelet collocation method to a class of three-dimensional Hammerstein equation with weakly singular kernel. Three-dimensional wavelets and collocation polynomials on the unit cube are constructed. A fast wavelets collocation method is obtained by the use of a practical block truncation strategy. Numerical results are also included.

Fast wavelet collocation method for three-dimensional Hammerstein equation

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Numerics of the lattice Boltzmann method: Effects of collision models on the lattice Boltzmann simulations

Fast wavelet collocation method for three-dimensional Hammerstein equation