One way to broadcast a popular/hot video is to let multiple users share a few channels. The stress on the scarce channels can be alleviated without sacrificing viewer waiting time. One common approach is to partition the video into fixed-length segments, which are broadcast on several channels periodically. Two representative approaches are the fast broadcasting scheme and the PAGODA scheme, which can broadcast a video using k channels by having new viewers wait no longer than /spl Theta/(D/2/sup k/) and /spl Theta/(D/5/sup k/2/) time, respectively, where D is the length of the video. In this paper, we propose a new scheme, called recursive frequency splitting (RFS), that significantly improves on existing schemes in terms of viewer waiting time. Some lower bounds on the viewers' waiting time are also developed.

一個適用於熱門視訊服務之遞迴頻率分割廣播策略; A Recursive Frequency-Splitting Scheme for Broadcasting Hot Videos

Objective: Accurate QRS complex detection is essential for electrocardiography (ECG) diagnosis. Many proposed algorithms don’t perform satisfactorily on noisy and arrhythmia ECGs. The purpose of this study is to develop a noise resistant and generalizable method to detect QRS complexes accurately. Methods: Two deep learning models based on multi-dilated convolutional blocks are proposed. One model (CNN) is mainly composed of convolutional blocks and Squeeze-and-Excitation networks (SENet). The other model (CRNN) contains a hybrid convolutional and recurrent neural network. With 5-fold cross-validation approach the models are trained and tested on four open-access ECG databases: the China Physiological Signal Challenge (2019) database (CPSCDB), the MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test Database (NSTDB), the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database (MITDB) and the QT Database (QTDB). Results: The F1 score of CNN model on CPSCDB, NSTDB, MITDB and QTDB are 0.9929, 0.9892, 0.9994 and 0.9998 respectively. The F1 score of CRNN model on these four databases are 0.9947, 0.9953, 0.9995 and 0.9998 respectively. The ensemble of both models scored the first place in the China Physiological Signal Challenge (2019). Conclusion: The proposed models achieve state-of-the-art performance in QRS complex detection and show good generalization on different databases. This work might help make better ECG diagnosis.

/pdf/qrs-complex-detection-using-novel-deep-learning-neural-2pnfeujsaa.pdf

QRS Complex Detection Using Novel Deep Learning Neural Networks

Visual surveillance has numerous applications. It can support public safety, traffic monitoring, and facility protection to name just a few. Networked digital surveillance devices are revolutionizing the surveillance industry by supporting high quality images, remote monitoring, and advanced image processing. However, they also raise serious privacy/security concerns. To address the issue, the surveillance industry has recently begun to provide basic support for secure communications. In this paper, we present a new protocol to significantly enhance the security and performance compared with the state-of-the-art baseline method widely taken in the video surveillance industry. Through extensive experiments for performance evaluation, our approach is shown to substantially reduce the delay to execute cryptographic mechanisms and increase the supported bit rate compared with the baseline, while providing desirable security features.

Cost-Effective Security Support in Real-Time Video Surveillance

In this paper, a semi fragile video watermarking scheme based on chromatic DCT is proposed, which can protect copyright and tamper detection simultaneously. Firstly, through the experiment, it is found that the chroma block has a more stable prediction mode relative to the luminance block, which can effectively reduce the asynchronous probability brought by the change of the prediction mode. At the same time, blocks contains more the number of nonzero (NNZ) coefficients, the less the prediction mode changes. Therefore, for each macroblock, the algorithm sort its 4 × 4 sub macroblock according to the NNZ of chroma DCT coefficients, then select the sub block which has most NNZ residual coefficients. According to the secret key K and medium frequency stability of Intra 4 × 4 coefficients, modulate the relationship of three DCT coefficients near medium frequency. Secondly, the sensitivity of the prediction mode to malicious attacks and recompression operations is different. Therefore, the algorithm classifies the prediction mode of the macroblock and generates the authentication code using the prediction mode. The experimental results show that the video quality is negligible affected after watermark embedding, and the change of video bit rate is basically constant. At the same time, the chromatic DCT algorithm can also use the authentication code of the prediction mode to detect and locate the tampering at the 4 × 4 sub block level with good robustness.

A Semi-fragile Video Watermarking Algorithm Based On Chromatic Residual DCT

Thousands of videos are posted on websites and social media every day, including Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, and YouTube. Newspapers, law enforcement publications, criminal investigations, surveillance systems, Banking, the museum, the military, imaging in medicine, insurance claims, and consumer photography are just a few examples of places where important visual data may be obtained. Thus, the emergence of powerful processing tools that can be easily made available online poses a huge threat to the authenticity of videos. Therefore, it's vital to distinguish between true and fake data. Digital video forgery detection techniques are used to validate and check the realness of digital video content. Deep learning algorithms lately sparked a lot of interest in the field of digital forensics, such as Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN), and Adaptive Neural Networks (ANN). In this paper, we give a soft taxonomy as well as a thorough overview of recent research on multimedia falsification detection systems. First, the basic knowledge needed to comprehend video forgery is provided. Then, a summary of active and passive video manipulation detection approaches is provided. Anti-forensics, compression video methods, datasets required for video forensics, and challenges of video detection approaches are also addressed. Following that, we presented an overview of deepfake, and the datasets required for detection were also provided. Also, helpful software packages and forensics tools for video detection are covered. In addition, this paper provides an overview of video analysis tools that are used in video forensic applications. Finally, we highlight research difficulties as well as interesting research avenues. In short, this survey provides detailed information and a broader investigation to extract data and detect fraud video contents under one umbrella. 

/pdf/a-comprehensive-taxonomy-on-multimedia-video-forgery-28mdj47r.pdf

A comprehensive taxonomy on multimedia video forgery detection techniques: challenges and novel trends

A UTI (Universal Transport Interface) is provided in the invention, the UTI comprising a transceiving unit, configured to receive and transmit data which accords with USB (Universal Serial Bus) specification; a detecting unit, configured to detect the data received by the transceiving unit to determine whether to convert the received data into data which accords with a particular specification; and a conversion unit, configured to convert the received data into the data which accords with the particular specification when determining that the received data should be converted into the data which accords with the particular specification, and to convert the transmission data which accords with the particular specification into data which accords with the USB specification for transmission via the transceiving unit. With the UTI provided in the invention, service cards may be separated from devices for DTV and various value-added services may be provided.

Universal Bidirectional Serial Data Transport Interface and Its Data Transport Method

One way to reduce bandwidth requirement in video-on-demand system is using periodic broadcasting for popular videos. It periodically broadcasts video segments on several channels and clients need to wait some time to access the video. Many periodic broadcasting schemes have been proposed to reduce server’s bandwidth and client’s waiting time. However, most of these schemes assume all clients have enough reception bandwidth which is, in fact, different in various network environment. To solve this problem, two types of broadcasting schemes have been proposed: 1) reception bandwidth adaptable (RBA) and 2) reception bandwidth limited (RBL) approaches. RBA includes HeRO, BroadCatch, CAR, FBR, and MBC. RBL contains CCA, CCA+, CCA++, and GDB. In this paper, we propose a novel RBL approach called delay receiving (DeRe) to accomodate the heterogeneous receiving problem. By limiting client’s reception bandwidth to two or three channels, we achieve relatively low service latency for all users compared to other schemes. Also, DeRe scheme is allowed to adjust buffer requirement directly, which is a unique property among all broadcasting schemes. The performance evaluation results of DeRe scheme with buffer requirement of 15% and 20% of video size are presented in this paper.

DeRe: A Buffer Saving and Controllable Video-on-Demand Broadcasting Scheme for Heterogeneous Receivers

In this paper, we present a simple but effective video watermarking scheme robust enough against scalable lossy recompression and transcoding. Most of video watermarking algorithms use DCT or DWT, but few of those method can withstand scalable recompression or transcoding. Algorithms with DWT and DCT usually based on specific encoding format, so the watermark will be lost after transform embedded video to other encoding formats. In our method, we use scene change to choose frames to embed watermark, so it can resist attack of aimless frame dropping. We use Arnold transformation to enhance the imperceptibility of the watermark. Our watermark is a fixed-size binary image, after Arnold transformation, it is uniformly embedded to the chosen frames by a spatial random mapping algorithm. The watermark after embedding to the frame has a high imperceptibility. The proposed algorithm allows blind detection without use of origin video. The embedded watermark can be extracted in a low resolution video recompressed from an embedded high resolution video or transcoded from other format embedded video.

A robust video watermarking scheme to scalable recompression and transcoding

Broadcasting has been proved to be an efficacious approach of video-on-demand (VOD) service. Over the past few decades, many scholars have devoted a great deal of time to the study of broadcasting. Among all available schemes, harmonic broadcasting (HB) scheme points out the minimum bandwidth required to broadcast a popular video given a fixed viewers’ waiting time. HB divides each segment equally into several horizontal subsegments in line with the harmonic series. However, such segmentation is too complex to be feasible. To solve this problem, we come up with an original scheme dubbed wrap HB (WHB), in which we partition each segment equally into vertical subsegments according to its serial number. Given a fixed channel allocation, the maximum number of segments of our scheme approaches to the theoretical upper bound. Compared to the fast broadcasting scheme and the recursive frequency-splitting scheme, the buffer requirement in the WHB scheme decreases by 26%. We also design a simple VBR WHB (SVWHB) scheme to accommodate VBR video based on the WHB scheme. The comprehensive simulation results indicate that the SVWHB scheme has similar savings as the WHB scheme.

Wrap Harmonic Broadcasting and Receiving Scheme for Popular Video Service

Universal serial data bi-directional transmission interface (UTI) includes device port, and external module port, and protocol for supporting connection between them. The device port includes at least a physical interface compatible to USB standard of mechanical structure, recognition and conversion unit of interface protocol, process unit of USB data protocol, a MPEG TS transmission protocol process unit; one end of the recognition and conversion unit of device end is connected to physical interface, and other end is connected to other two units. The external module port includes at least a UTI physical interface compatible to USB standard of mechanical structure and matched to UTI physical interface at device end, and data processing and/or storage unit accorded with USB and/or TS data stream standard.

General serial data two-way transmission interface

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