In traditional practices of Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine, numerous plants have been used to treat cognitive disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). An ethnopharmacological approach has provided leads to identifying potential new drugs from plant sources, including those for cognitive disorders. Many drugs currently available in Western medicine were originally isolated from plants, or are derived from templates of compounds isolated from plants. Some anticholinesterase (anti-ChE) alkaloids isolated from plants have been investigated for their potential in the treatment of AD, and are now in clinical use. Galantamine, isolated from several plants including Lycoris radiata Herb., which was used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is licensed in the United Kingdom for the treatment of mild to moderate AD. Various other plant species have shown pharmacological activities relevant to the treatment of cognitive disorders, indicating potential for therapeutic use in disorders such as AD. This article reviews some of the plants and their active constituents that have been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine and TCM for their reputed cognitive-enhancing or antiageing effects. Plants and their constituents with pharmacological activities that may be relevant for the treatment of cognitive disorders, including enhancement of cholinergic function in the central nervous system (CNS), anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, are discussed.

Plants used in Chinese and Indian traditional medicine for improvement of memory and cognitive function.

Efficacy of Indigo Naturalis in a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Patients With Ulcerative Colitis.

Indole compounds are extracted from indigo plants and have been used as blue or purple dyes for hundreds of years. In traditional Chinese medicine, herbal agents in combination with Qing-Dai (also known as indigo naturalis) have been used to treat patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and to remedy inflammatory conditions. Recent studies have noted that indole compounds can be biosynthesized from tryptophan metabolites produced by various enzymes derived from intestinal microbiota. In addition to their action on indole compounds, the intestinal microbiota produce various tryptophan metabolites that mediate critical functions through distinct pathways and enzymes. Furthermore, some indole compounds, such as indigo and indirubin, act as ligands for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. This signaling pathway stimulates mucosal type 3 innate lymphoid cells to produce interleukin-22, which induces antimicrobial peptide and tight junction molecule production, suggesting a role for indole compounds during the mucosal healing process. Thus, indole compounds may represent a novel treatment strategy for UC patients. In this review, we describe the origin and function of this indole compound-containing Chinese herb, as well as the drug development of indole compounds.

Indole compounds may be promising medicines for ulcerative colitis

Oral administration of indigo naturalis (IN) can induce remission in ulcerative colitis (UC); however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The main active components and targets of IN were obtained by searching three traditional Chinese medicine network databases such as TCMSP and five Targets fishing databases such as PharmMapper. UC disease targets were obtained from three disease databases such as DrugBank,combined with four GEO gene chips. IN-UC targets were identified by matching the two. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed, and the core targets were screened according to the topological structure. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis and bioGPS localization were performed,and an Herbs-Components-Targets network, a Compound Targets-Organs location network, and a Core Targets-Signal Pathways network were established. Molecular docking technology was used to verify the main compounds-targets. Ten core active components and 184 compound targets of IN-UC, of which 43 were core targets, were enriched and analyzed by bioGPS, GO, and KEGG. The therapeutic effect of IN on UC may involve activation of systemic immunity, which is involved in the regulation of nuclear transcription, protein phosphorylation, cytokine activity, reactive oxygen metabolism, epithelial cell proliferation, and cell apoptosis through Th17 cell differentiation, the Jak-STAT and IL-17 signaling pathways, toll-like and NOD-like receptors, and other cellular and innate immune signaling pathways. The molecular mechanism underlying the effect of IN on inducing UC remission was predicted using a network pharmacology method, thereby providing a theoretical basis for further study of the effective components and mechanism of IN in the treatment of UC.

/pdf/mechanisms-of-indigo-naturalis-on-treating-ulcerative-1ud6hrfwfq.pdf

Mechanisms of indigo naturalis on treating ulcerative colitis explored by GEO gene chips combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Various forms of complementary and alternative medicine are used in psoriasis. Among these, herbal medicines are frequently used as systemic and/or topical interventions either as a replacement for or in conjunction with conventional methods. The benefit of such use is unclear. This review is to provide an up-to-date review and discussion of the clinical evidence for the main kinds of herbal therapies for psoriasis. Searches of the biomedical databases PubMed (including MEDLINE), EMBASE and CINAHL were conducted in December 2011 which identified 32 clinical studies, all published in English. Twenty of these primarily tested topical herbal medicines and were thus excluded. The 12 studies that evaluated systemic use of herbal medicines were included in the review. Four were case series studies and the other 8 were controlled trials. In terms of interventions, 4 studies tested the systemic use of plant oils combined with marine oils and 8 studies tested multi-ingredient herbal formulations. The clinical evidence for plant and animal derived fatty acids is inconclusive and any benefit appears to be small. For the multi-herb formulations, benefits of oral herbal medicines were shown in several studies, however, a number of these studies are not controlled trials, a diversity of interventions are tested and there are methodological issues in the controlled studies. In conclusion, there is promising evidence in a number of the studies of multi-herb formulations. However, well-designed, adequately powered studies with proper control interventions are needed to further determine the benefits of these formulations. In addition, syndrome differentiation should be incorporated into trial design to ensure effective translation of findings from these studies into Chinese medicine clinical practice.

Oral herbal medicines for psoriasis: a review of clinical studies.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and compare the efficacy and safety of two kinds of Qinbai ointment prepared conventionally and finely (C-QBO and F-QBO) in treating psoriasis in the active stage of blood-heat syndrome type, and to observe their influences on vaginal epithelial cell mitosis, also on keratinization of caudal flakes in mice. METHODS CLINICAL OBSERVATION Adopting randomized, single-blinded, controlled design, 93 patients administered orally with Liangxue Huoxue Decoction were randomized into three groups treated externally with C-QBO, F-QBO and white vaseline respectively, applied twice a day for 8 weeks. The safety was checked and the changes of modified psoriasis area severity index (PASI), as well as the conditions of skin lesions (size, erythema, infiltration, squama, and itching) and symptom improving time were compared. Experimental study 1: Mice were randomized into the model group, the C-QBO group, the F-QBO group and the blank group, 7 in each group. Their vaginal epithelial cell mitosis indices were compared after 3 days of treatment with corresponding remedies. Experimental study 2: Mice were randomized into the C-QBO group, the F-QBO group and the blank group, 7 in each group. After the mice had been treated with corresponding remedies for 28 days, the granular layer formation in their caudal scales was compared. RESULTS CLINICAL OBSERVATION The markedly effective rate was 63.3% (25/30) in the C-QBO group, 66.7% (20/30) in the F-QBO group, and 36.7% (11/30) in the control group. No statistical difference was showen between the two QBO treated groups (P > 0.05), but that in both of them was significantly different from that in the control group (P < 0.05). PASI scores lowered after treatment in all the three groups (P < 0.01), but the improvement in the two QBO groups was better than that in the control group (P < 0.05); the conditions of skin lesion were improved in all groups, but the improvements were more significant in the two QBO groups in terms of squama, infiltration and itching (P < 0.05), in aspects of improving time on erythema, infiltration and itching, especially the itching, F-QBO was superior to the C-QBO. Experimental study 1: The mitosis index in both QBO groups was lower than that in the blank group and the model group (P < 0.01). Experimental study 2: Number of scales with granular layer formation was higher in the two QBO groups than in the blank group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION C-QBO and F-QBO can effectively relieve the skin lesion of psoriasis patients in the active stage of blood-heat type, and they could also promote the formation of epithelial granular layer in the caudal scales of mice.

[Clinical and experimental study on effect of qinbal ointment in treating psoriasis in the active stage of blood-heat syndrome type].

BACKGROUND
Natural products are important sources of biopesticides to control plant virus, and flavonoids are identified as promising ant-TMV agents. Since Desmodium caudatum is a rich sources of flavonoids, this study focuses to the discovery of the new anti-TMV active flavonoids from D. caudatum and their possible mode of action.


RESULTS
Three new (1-3) and nine known (4-12) C-alkylated flavonoids were isolated from D. caudatum. To best of our knowledge, the framework of 1-3 was reported in natural products for the first time. In addition, 1-3, 5, and 6 showed notable anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates in the range of 35.8~64.3% at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, and these rates are higher than that of positive control (with inhibition rates of 34.6%±2.8). In addition, the structure-activity relationship study revealed that the (pyrrol-2-yl)methyl moiety on flavone can significantly increases the activity. This result is helpful to find new anti-TMV inhibitors.


CONCLUSION
C-Alkylated flavonoids showed potent activities against TMV with multiple modes of actions. The increased of defense-related enzyme activities, up-regulate the expression of defense related genes, down-regulate the expression of Hsp70 protein by inhibiting the related Hsp genes are involved in tobacco resistance to TMV. By above actions, the infection of TMV was influenced, thereby achieving the effects of control TMV. The successful isolation of the above flavonoids provide the new source of biopesticides to TMV proliferation, and also contribute to the utilization of D. caudatum. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

C-alkylated flavonoids from the whole plants of Desmodium caudatum and their anti-TMV activity.

Distribution and Development of the TCM Syndromes in Psoriasis Vulgaris

Evidence-based practice guideline of Chinese herbal medicine for psoriasis vulgaris (Bai Bi) ☆

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Xing Qu

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

[Clinical and experimental study on effect of qinbal ointment in treating psoriasis in the active stage of blood-heat syndrome type].

C-alkylated flavonoids from the whole plants of Desmodium caudatum and their anti-TMV activity.

Distribution and Development of the TCM Syndromes in Psoriasis Vulgaris

Evidence-based practice guideline of Chinese herbal medicine for psoriasis vulgaris (Bai Bi) ☆