Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely recognized as one of the most fascinating classes of materials from science and engineering perspectives, benefiting from their high porosity and well-defined and tailored structures and components at the atomic level. Although their intrinsic micropores endow size-selective capability and high surface area, etc., the narrow pores limit their applications toward diffusion-control and large-size species involved processes. In recent years, the construction of hierarchically porous MOFs (HP-MOFs), MOF-based hierarchically porous composites, and MOF-based hierarchically porous derivatives has captured widespread interest to extend the applications of conventional MOF-based materials. In this Review, the recent advances in the design, synthesis, and functional applications of MOF-based hierarchically porous materials are summarized. Their structural characters toward various applications, including catalysis, gas storage and separation, air filtration, sewage treatment, sensing and energy storage, have been demonstrated with typical reports. The comparison of HP-MOFs with traditional porous materials (e.g., zeolite, porous silica, carbons, metal oxides, and polymers), subsisting challenges, as well as future directions in this research field, are also indicated.

Metal-Organic Framework-Based Hierarchically Porous Materials: Synthesis and Applications.

Visible light-induced photocatalysis is a promising way for environmental remediation due to efficient utilization of solar energy. Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing attention in the field of photocatalysis. In comparison with traditional metal oxide semiconductors, MOFs have many advantages, such as high specific surface area, rich topology and easily tunable porous structure. In this review, we aim to summarize and illustrate recent advances in MOF-based photocatalysis for environmental remediation under visible light, including wastewater treatment, air purification and disinfection. A series of strategies have been designed to modify and regulate pristine MOFs for enhanced photocatalytic performance, such as ligand functionalization, mixed-metal/linker strategy, metal ion/ligand immobilization, dye sensitization, metal nanoparticle loading, carbon material decoration, semiconductor coupling, MOF/COF coupling, carrier loading and magnetic recycling. The above modifications may result in extended visible light absorption, efficient generation, separation and transfer of photogenerated charges, as well as good recyclability. However, there are still many challenges and obstacles. In order to meet the requirements of using MOF photocatalysis as a friendly and stable technology for low-cost practical applications, its future development prospects are also discussed.

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Recent advances in MOF-based photocatalysis: environmental remediation under visible light

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as desirable cross-functional platforms for electrochemical and photochemical energy conversion and storage (ECS) systems owing to their highly ordered ...

Metal–Organic Framework-Based Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage

A Review of MOFs and Their Composites-Based Photocatalysts: Synthesis and Applications

BaTiO3 nanobelt featuring controlled oxygen vacancies, namely BTO-OV-X (X represents time (h) of vacuum heat-treatment), were prepared to systematically investigate the effect of oxygen vacancies occupancy on pizeocatalytic performance for degradation of organic pollutant. Remarkably, the creation of oxygen vacancies on BaTiO3 can mediate the piezocatalytic activity. The piezocatalytic activity exhibited a volcano-type trend with increasing oxygen vacancies. Results from first-principles density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations and O2-temperature programmed desorption (O2-TPD) measurement indicated that the presence of oxygen vacancies could efficiently adsorb and activate O2 on the surface of BaTiO3 nanobelt and consequently enhance piezocatalytic activity. Importantly, with the aid of piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) measurement, the intrinsic reason of volcano-type trend of oxygen vacancy-activity was well unveiled. This work reveals the effect and mechanism of oxygen vacancy occupancy on enhancing piezocatalytic activity of BaTiO3 nanobelt and will shed light on design of efficient piezocatalysts in the future.

Impact of oxygen vacancy occupancy on piezo-catalytic activity of BaTiO3 nanobelt

Defect engineering is a versatile approach to modulate band and electronic structures as well as materials performance. Herein, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) featuring controlled structural defects, namely UiO-66-NH2 -X (X represents the molar equivalents of the modulator, acetic acid, with respect to the linker in synthesis), were synthesized to systematically investigate the effect of structural defects on photocatalytic properties. Remarkably, structural defects in MOFs are able to switch on the photocatalysis. The photocatalytic H2 production rate presents a volcano-type trend with increasing structural defects, where Pt@UiO-66-NH2 -100 exhibits the highest activity. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy unveils that UiO-66-NH2 -100 with moderate structural defects possesses the fastest relaxation kinetics and the highest charge separation efficiency, while excessive defects retard the relaxation and reduce charge separation efficiency.

Switching on the Photocatalysis of Metal–Organic Frameworks by Engineering Structural Defects

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Switching on the Photocatalysis of Metal–Organic Frameworks by Engineering Structural Defects