Ethyl acetate green antisolvent process for high-performance planar low-temperature SnO2-based perovskite solar cells made in ambient air

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently demonstrated a rapid power conversion efficiency of above 25%. In terms of physical properties, SnO2 is similar to TiO2 but with stronger charge extraction at the interface. Furthermore, the SnO2 electron transporting layer (ETL) is prepared using new, simple, and efficient methods, resulting in high-performance PSCs. This review initially described recent progress in SnO2 nanostructures and preparation methods. The passivation options were then divided into elemental doping, bilayer alterations, and interfacial modifications. Finally, we discussed the challenges and limitations of SnO2 ETL-based PSCs and made recommendations for further research.

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Advances in SnO2-based perovskite solar cells: from preparation to photovoltaic applications

Formamidinium (FA)-rich lead iodide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are gaining popularity because of their excellent photovoltaic performance. Nevertheless, the FA-rich perovskites processed by a two-step sequential deposition method usually possess...

Modulation of Nucleation and Crystallization in PbI2 Films Promoting Preferential Perovskite Orientation Growth for Efficient Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are being rapidly developed at a fiery stage due to their marvelous and fast-growing power conversion efficiency (PCE). Advantages such as high PCE, solution processability, tunable band gaps, and flexibility make PSCs one of the research hot spots in the energy field. Flexible PSCs (f-PSCs) owing to high power-to-weight ratios can be promising candidates to serve as power sources in mobile energy systems, space energy systems, portable functional devices, and so on. Herein, we give a review on recent progress in f-PSCs involving flexible substrates and flexible transparent electrodes, performance enhancement by optimizing functional layers, large-scale fabrication techniques, flexibility promotion strategies, and their potential applications. Furthermore, perspectives are discussed on the future development of f-PSCs. 

Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells: From Materials and Device Architectures to Applications

MXenes for Optoelectronic Devices

Tuning the reactivity of PbI2 film via monolayer Ti3C2Tx MXene for two-step-processed CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells

Antisolvent-assisted solution deposition seems to be one of the most efficient and reproducible methods for the preparation of high-quality perovskite films. During deposition, the perovskite precursor first forms intermediate phases when adding antisolvents, which transform into perovskite phases after annealing. However, the annealing temperature is usually as high as 100 °C, which is much higher than the glass-transition temperature of most polymer substrates. The key to a low annealing temperature is to control the intermediate phases. We demonstrate that only toluene (TL) drives the perovskite precursor into metastable phases while other antisolvents including chlorobenzene, ethyl acetate, and trichloromethane drive the perovskite precursor into supersaturation phases. The metastable zone is a region in which only grains grow and are involved in a further exothermic reaction to form perovskite, so TL ensures a large grain size of 480 nm and reduces the annealing temperature to as low as 80 °C. Throug...

Antisolvent-Derived Intermediate Phases for Low-Temperature Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells

Highly efficient flexible perovskite solar cells made via ultrasonic vibration assisted room temperature cold sintering

The invention relates to a method for preparing a large-grain perovskite film at a low temperature. The method comprises the steps that (1) a donor A and a donor B are added into a solvent and stirredto acquire a perovskite precursor solution with the concentration of 1 to 1.5 M; (2) the perovskite precursor solution prepared in the step (1) is spin-coated on a pretreated conductive substrate, and at the same time an anti-solvent is added to acquire a metastable intermediate phase film, wherein the volume ratio of the perovskite precursor solution to the anti-solvent is 1:1 to 3; and (3) theintermediate phase film acquired in the step (2) is annealed at 60 to 80 DEG C to acquire the large-grain perovskite film. According to the method, low temperature perovskite film formation is realized; the acquired perovskite film is uniform and dense, and the crystal grain is obviously increased; and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a flexible perovskite solar cell acquired by using the perovskite film is significantly improved.

Method for preparing large-grain perovskite film at low temperature

The invention relates to a method for preparing a high-quality perovskite film under room temperature. The method includes the following steps that: (1) a perovskite precursor solution is prepared; (2) a pretreated conductive substrate is spin-coated with the perovskite precursor solution, and an anti-solvent is added dropwise before the spin coating is finished, so that a middle-phase film is obtained; and (3) the middle-phase film is subjected to ultrasonic oscillation treatment, so that the high-quality perovskite film is obtained. The method can be used for preparing the high-quality perovskite film which has a pure perovskite phase, large grain size, and is smooth and uniform under room temperature, and is expected to be applied to processing a flexible substrate which is not resistant to high temperature into a flexible device.

Method for preparing high-quality perovskite film under room temperature

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