In this review, we focus on the very recent developments on the use of the stimuli responsive properties of polymer hydrogels for targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosensing utilizing their different optoelectronic properties. Besides, the stimuli-responsive hydrogels, the conducting polymer hydrogels are discussed, with specific attention to the energy generation and storage behavior of the xerogel derived from the hydrogel. The electronic and ionic conducting gels have been discussed that have applications in various electronic devices, e.g., organic field effect transistors, soft robotics, ionic skins, and sensors. The properties of polymer hybrid gels containing carbon nanomaterials have been exemplified here giving attention to applications in supercapacitors, dye sensitized solar cells, photocurrent switching, etc. Recent trends in the properties and applications of some natural polymer gels to produce thermal and acoustic insulating materials, drug delivery vehicles, self-healing material, tissue engineering, etc., are discussed. Besides the polymer gels, peptide gels of different dipeptides, tripeptides, oligopeptides, polypeptides, cyclic peptides, etc., are discussed, giving attention mainly to biosensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery applications. The properties of peptide-based hybrid hydrogels with polymers, nanoparticles, nucleotides, fullerene, etc., are discussed, giving specific attention to drug delivery, cell culture, bio-sensing, and bioimaging properties. Thus, the present review delineates, in short, the preparation, properties, and applications of different polymer and peptide hydrogels prepared in the past few years.

A review on recent advances in polymer and peptide hydrogels

Frequent oil spill accidents and leakage of organic solvent destroy aquatic ecosystems and threaten marine lives. Separation of the oily pollutant from water with material has long been treated as ...

A Review on Oil/Water Mixture Separation Material

(1) Background: The fascinating properties of currently synthesized aerogels associated with the flexible approach of sol-gel chemistry play an important role in the emergence of special biomedical applications. Although it is increasingly known and mentioned, the potential of aerogels in the medical field is not sufficiently explored. Interest in aerogels has increased greatly in recent decades due to their special properties, such as high surface area, excellent thermal and acoustic properties, low density and thermal conductivity, high porosity, flame resistance and humidity, and low refractive index and dielectric constant. On the other hand, high manufacturing costs and poor mechanical strength limit the growth of the market. (2) Results: In this paper, we analyze more than 180 articles from recent literature studies focused on the dynamics of aerogels research to summarize the technologies used in manufacturing and the properties of materials based on natural polymers from renewable sources. Biomedical applications of these bio-based materials are also introduced. (3) Conclusions: Due to their complementary functionalities (bioactivity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and unique chemistry), bio-based materials provide a vast capability for utilization in the field of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary scientific research.

New Trends in Bio-Based Aerogels.

Biomass vs inorganic and plastic-based aerogels: Structural design, functional tailoring, resource-efficient applications and sustainability analysis

Crude oil leakage from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling rigs and wells, causing severe pollution to the environment has led to irreversible damage to ocean habitat and inhabitants. It has become one of the greatest global environmental concerns which has recently attracted major public awareness. In addition, the contamination of sea and inhabitants. It has significantly harmed the fishing and seafood industry, and even raises health and life issues for millions of human beings. Until now, there is still no viable and practical method to effectively reduce the damage from crude oil spill. This has attracted numerous researchers’ attention. For developing an environmentally friendly and cost-effective polymer absorbent for oil spill cleaning. Recently, among all the efforts, it is proven that biomass aerogel can be used as an outstanding absorbent for oil–water separation, which is a feasible solution for tackling the crude oil issue. In this article, a comprehensive review on the current state-of-art for biomass-based aerogels utilised in the field of oil/water separation is provided. This includes the preparation procedures, fabrication processes, and the categorisation of various types of aerogels. Additionally, the future direction and technological advancement will be discussed in detail.

Recent progress in bio-based aerogel absorbents for oil/water separation

Elastic Agarose Nanowire Aerogels for Oil–Water Separation and Thermal Insulation

Aerogels are three-dimensional nanoporous materials with outstanding properties, especially great thermal insulation. Nevertheless, their extremely high brittleness restricts their practical application. Recently, although the mechanical properties of silica aerogels have been improved by regulating the precursor or introducing a polymer reinforcer, these preparation processes are usually tedious and time-consuming. The purpose of this study was to simplify the preparation process of these composite aerogels. A silicic acid solution treated with cation exchange resin was mixed with agarose (AG) to gel in situ, and then composite aerogels (CAs) with an interpenetrating network (IPN) structure were obtained by aging and supercritical CO2 fluid (SCF) drying. Compared to previous works, the presented CAs preparation process is briefer and more environmentally friendly. Moreover, the CAs exhibit a high specific surface area (420.5 m2/g), low thermal conductivity (28.9 mW m−1 K−1), excellent thermal insulation properties, and thermal stability. These results show that these CAs can be better used in thermal insulation.

https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/5/303/pdf?version=1652667677

Robust Silica–Agarose Composite Aerogels with Interpenetrating Network Structure by In Situ Sol–Gel Process

Control of peptide hydrogel formation and stability via heating treatment.

Robust composite aerogel beads with pomegranate-like structure for water-based thermal insulation coating

Biomimetic mineralization of calcium carbonate under synergistic regulation of Sr2+ and egg-white proteins

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