Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies have been expected to provide innovative platforms for addressing antibacterial challenges, with potential to even deal with bacterial infections involving drug-resistance. The current review summarizes recent progress over the last 3 years in the field of antibacterial nanomaterials with a photothermal conversion effect. We classify these photothermal nanomaterials into four functional categories: carbon-based nanoconjugates of graphene derivatives or carbon nanotubes, noble metal nanomaterials mainly from gold and silver, metallic compound nanocomposites such as copper sulfide and molybdenum sulfide, and polymeric as well as other nanostructures. Different categories can be assembled with each other to enhance the photothermal effects and the antibacterial activities. The review describes their fabrication processes, unique properties, antibacterial modes, and potential healthcare applications.

Nanomaterials with a photothermal effect for antibacterial activities: an overview

The development of antimicrobial drug resistance among pathogenic bacteria and fungi is one of the most significant health issues of the 21st century. Recently, advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of nanomaterials, particularly metals that exhibit antimicrobial properties. These metal nanomaterials have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional antimicrobial therapies. In this review, a broad overview of metal nanomaterials, their synthesis, properties, and interactions with pathogenic micro-organisms is first provided. Secondly, the range of nanomaterials that demonstrate passive antimicrobial properties are outlined and in-depth analysis and comparison of stimuli-responsive antimicrobial nanomaterials are provided, which represent the next generation of microbiocidal nanomaterials. The stimulus applied to activate such nanomaterials includes light (including photocatalytic and photothermal) and magnetic fields, which can induce magnetic hyperthermia and kinetically driven magnetic activation. Broadly, this review aims to summarize the currently available research and provide future scope for the development of metal nanomaterial-based antimicrobial technologies, particularly those that can be activated through externally applied stimuli.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/advs.201902913

Antimicrobial Metal Nanomaterials: From Passive to Stimuli-Activated Applications.

Silver Nanoparticle-Embedded Hydrogel as a Photothermal Platform for Combating Bacterial Infections

Interface engineering of metal organic framework on graphene oxide with enhanced adsorption capacity for organophosphorus pesticide

Developing in situ disinfection methods in vivo to avoid drug-resistant bacteria and tissue toxicity is an urgent need. Here, the photodynamic and photothermal properties of the chitosan-assisted MoS2 (CS@MoS2 ) hybrid coating are simultaneously inspired to endow metallic Ti implants with excellent surface self-antibacterial capabilities. This coating, irradiated by only 660 nm visible light (VL) for 10 min, exhibits an antibacterial efficacy of 91.58% and 92.52% against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), respectively. The corresponding value is 64.67% and 57.44%, respectively, after irradiation by a single 808 nm near infrared light for the same amount of time. However, the combined irradiation using both lights can significantly enhance the efficiency up to 99.84% and 99.65% against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, which can be ascribed to the synergistic effects of photodynamic and photothermal actions. The former produces single oxygen species under 660 nm VL while the latter induces a rise in temperature of implants, which can inhibit the growth of both E. coli and S. aureus. The introduction of CS can also promote the biocompatibility of implants, which provides a facile, rapid, and safe in situ bacteria-killing method in vivo without needing a second surgery.

Electrophoretic Deposited Stable Chitosan@MoS2 Coating with Rapid In Situ Bacteria-Killing Ability under Dual-Light Irradiation.

Biologically, MoS2-based nanostructures have been intensely applied for the photothermal therapy of cancer, but rarely for antibacterial uses In this contribution, a multifunctional chitosan (CS) functionalized magnetic MoS2 (abbreviated to CFM) was constructed to nonspecifically combat bacterial infection by integrating bacterial conjugation and enrichment, and NIR-triggered photothermal sterilization Owing to the abundant introduced amino groups, the CFM complex offers a significantly enhanced conjugation efficiency without obvious specificity towards both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria compared to amino-free magnetic MoS2 The magnetic properties of CFM obtained from iron oxide facilitate the enrichment of a CFM–bacteria conjugate, improving the photothermal efficiency of CFM as a photothermal antibacterial agent Specifically, after being trapped together with bacteria cells, CFM shows an enhanced in vitro photothermal sterilization ability In vivo S aureus-induced abscess treatment studies show faster healing when CFM is used as subcutaneous nano-localized heating sources with the assistance of an external magnet to concentrate the CFM–bacteria conjugate This work establishes an innovative solution and a novel antimicrobial agent for combating bacterial infections without the use of antibiotics, which may open a new area of application and research for MoS2-based nanostructures

Versatile molybdenum disulfide based antibacterial composites for in vitro enhanced sterilization and in vivo focal infection therapy.

Highly efficient and cost-effective removal of patulin from apple juice by surface engineering of diatomite with sulfur-functionalized graphene oxide.

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Versatile molybdenum disulfide based antibacterial composites for in vitro enhanced sterilization and in vivo focal infection therapy.

Highly efficient and cost-effective removal of patulin from apple juice by surface engineering of diatomite with sulfur-functionalized graphene oxide.