There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is described. The detector operates at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It was conceived to study proton-proton (and lead-lead) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV (5.5 TeV nucleon-nucleon) and at luminosities up to 10(34)cm(-2)s(-1) (10(27)cm(-2)s(-1)). At the core of the CMS detector sits a high-magnetic-field and large-bore superconducting solenoid surrounding an all-silicon pixel and strip tracker, a lead-tungstate scintillating-crystals electromagnetic calorimeter, and a brass-scintillator sampling hadron calorimeter. The iron yoke of the flux-return is instrumented with four stations of muon detectors covering most of the 4 pi solid angle. Forward sampling calorimeters extend the pseudo-rapidity coverage to high values (vertical bar eta vertical bar <= 5) assuring very good hermeticity. The overall dimensions of the CMS detector are a length of 21.6 m, a diameter of 14.6 m and a total weight of 12500 t.

/pdf/the-cms-experiment-at-the-cern-lhc-4d2umuzboo.pdf

The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC

Charmonium production from the hadron gas formed in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions is studied. Using the $J/\psi$-hadron absorption cross section determined from the nonperturbative quark-exchange model, which has a peak value similar to that used in the comover model for $J/\psi$ suppression and a thermally averaged value consistent from that extracted from $J/\psi$ data in heavy-ion collisions, we find that $J/\psi$ production from the hadron gas is negligible in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC energies but is important at LHC energies as a result of the large number of charm mesons produced at higher energy collisions. The number of $J/\psi$ produced from these secondary collisions at LHC may be comparable to that of primary $J/\psi$'s, which are expected to be dissociated in the quark-gluon plasma created in the collisions, leading thus to a possible absence of $J/\psi$ suppression. Similar results are obtained for $\psi^\prime$ production in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

Charmonium production from the hadronic phase

Author(s): Pop, V. Topor; Gyulassy, M.; Barrette, J.; Gale, C.; Wang, X.N.; Xu, N.; Filimonov, K.

/pdf/minijet-scale-and-energy-loss-at-relativistic-energies-in-517fj57j3o.pdf

Minijet scale and energy loss at relativistic energies in event generator models

We study inclusive jet suppression and modifications in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) with a transport-based model. The model includes vacuum-like parton shower evolution at high-virtuality, a linearized transport for jet-medium interactions, and a simple ansatz for the jet-induced hydrodynamic response of the medium. Model parameters are calibrated to nuclear modification factors for inclusive hadron $R_{AA}^{h}$ and single inclusive jets $R_{AA}^{j}$ with cone size $R=0.4$ in 0-10% central Au-Au and Pb-Pb collisions measured at the RHIC and LHC. The calibrated model consistently describes the cone-size dependent $R_{AA}^{j}(R)$, modifications to inclusive jet fragmentation functions and jet shape. We discuss the origin of these modifications by analyzing the medium-induced jet energy flow in this model and elucidate the interplay of hard parton evolution and jet-induced medium response. In particular, we demonstrate that the excess of soft hadrons at $p_T\sim 2$ GeV/$c$ in jet fragmentation function and jet shape at large $r=\sqrt{\Delta \eta^2+\Delta \phi^2}$ are consequences of both soft medium-induced gluon radiation and jet-induced medium excitation.

/pdf/qgp-modification-to-single-inclusive-jets-in-a-calibrated-4wlp3d843o.pdf

QGP modification to single inclusive jets in a calibrated transport model

Recent observation of high-pT hadron spectra suppression and mono-jet production in central Au+Au collisions and their absence in d+Au collisions at RHIC have confirmed the long predicted phenomenon of jet quenching in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Detailed analyses of the experimental data also show parton energy loss as the mechanism for the discovered jet quenching. Using a pQCD parton model that incorporates medium modified parton fragmentation functions and comparing to experimental data from deeply inelastic scattering off nuclei, one can conclude that the initial gluon (energy) density of the hot matter produced in central Au+Au collisions that causes jet quenching at RHIC is about 30 (100) times higher than in a cold Au nucleus. Combined with data on bulk and collective properties of the hot matter, the observed jet quenching provides strong evidence for the formation of a strongly interacting quark–gluon plasma in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC.

Discovery of Jet Quenching and Beyond

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41365-023-01166-7.pdf

Vector meson spin alignment by the strong force field

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