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About the Royal Society of Chemistry

Dynamics of water mobility and distribution in soybean antioxidant peptide powders monitored by LF-NMR.

The feasibility of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) was investigated to predict the dielectric properties of Chinese yam slices. Changes in relaxation behaviors and dielectric properties (at 915 and 2450 MHz) of samples during microwave vacuum drying as well as their relationship were studied. Results showed that the total moisture content decreases gradually over drying time, and the free water was removed first, followed by the immobile water and bound water. Correspondingly, the dielectric constant (e′) gradually decreased till to reach a relative and stable low value; while the loss factor (e″) changed slightly first, then decreased gradually and also reached a low value finally. Univariate linear models showed that the signal intensity of free water peak (A23) and the transverse relaxation time of immobile water (T22) had good correlation with dielectric properties. Furthermore, partial least squares regression (PLSR) models with four NMR parameters as variables gave better results with R2P of 0.946, 0.936, 0.962 and 0.921 for e′ and e″ at 915 MHz and e′ and e″ at 2450 MHz, respectively. The overall results revealed that LF-NMR is suitable for predicting the dielectric properties as a rapid and noninvasive method.

Suitability of LF-NMR to analysis water state and predict dielectric properties of Chinese yam during microwave vacuum drying

The dehydration efficiency of beef jerky dried by mid- and far-infrared drying (MFIR, MIR 2.9–3.1 µm, FIR 5.8–6.2 µm, 70°C, 1 m/s) was compared with hot air drying (HA, 70°C, 1 m/s). Results showed that the time and energy consumption, heating time to reach the targeted temperature, and activation energy of MFIR-treated samples decreased to 43, 24, 7, and 91%, respectively, when compared to HA drying. In addition, the average effective moisture diffusivity of MFIR-treated samples was 158.1% higher than that of HA. Results of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance showed that MFIR and HA induced 32.7 and 27.9% of immobilized water being shifted to free water, respectively, when water content of samples were 70%. It was assumed to be the one of the reasons for the increase in moisture diffusivity by MFIR drying. Differential scanning calorimetric and magnetic resonance imaging showed that MFIR could promote myofibrillar protein denaturation and cause more uniformed moisture distribution of samples. Ou...

Role of mid- and far-infrared for improving dehydration efficiency in beef jerky drying

Physical, antioxidant and structural characterization of blend films based on hsian-tsao gum (HG) and casein (CAS)

Low field-nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) was employed in this study to evaluate water mobility and distribution in beef granules during drying process due to its fast and nondestructive detection. Beef granules were dried in a blast drying oven at different temperatures (40, 50 and 60 °C) to a final moisture content around 21% after cooking. Results showed that it took about 150, 90 and 60 min for the samples dried at 40, 50 and 60 °C to get to the drying destination, respectively. The immobilized water was transformed into bound water with lower association degree and free water during drying at different conditions. Drying also resulted in a proportion increase of bound water; what’s more, the proportion of bound water is the largest when drying at 50 °C compared to 40 and 60 °C. After the drying destination was reached, the transverse relaxation time for bound water and immobilized water appeared significant change. It revealed that LF-NMR was an effective tool to assess water mobility and distribution during food drying process.

Low Field-NMR in Measuring Water Mobility and Distribution in Beef Granules during Drying Process

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Low Field-NMR in Measuring Water Mobility and Distribution in Beef Granules during Drying Process