Electromagnetic interference (EMI) in non-isolated power converters is regulated by extensive standards in many applications. EMI modeling and reduction research is key to develop solutions to achieve EMI compliance. For conducted EMI, there are lots of techniques to analyze noise sources, propagation paths, parasitic couplings, and so on, which are summarized in this survey. Fundamental and general techniques to investigate and to reduce conducted EMI are analyzed. Moreover, in the high switching frequency era and with increasing applications of wide bandgap devices, radiated EMI is becoming an inevitable challenge. Modeling and reduction of radiated EMI, therefore, is becoming an important topic. Recent advances in radiated EMI research for non-isolated power converters are summarized and analyzed. Future EMI research development is discussed.

Advances in Modeling and Reduction of Conducted and Radiated EMI in Non-isolated Power Converters

This article investigates the radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) due to the voltage between input and output cables in a non-isolated power converter. The radiated EMI model of a non-isolated power converter is first developed and quantified based on the circuit topologies, printed circuit board (PCB) parasitics, switching waveforms, and transfer functions. Second, an antenna model is developed for converter cables based on the antenna impedance and the antenna transfer function. Third, a complete radiated EMI model is developed based on the converter&#x0027;s EMI model and the cable&#x0027;s antenna model. Fourth, the radiated EMI is analyzed based on the developed model. Finally, two radiated EMI noise reduction techniques, optimizing PCB layout and adding a cross capacitor, are proposed. The developed radiated EMI model and the proposed radiated EMI reduction techniques are verified with both simulations and experiments. The techniques are also extended to other two non-isolated power converter topologies when the radiated EMI is caused by the voltage between the input and output cables. 

Modeling, Analysis, and Reduction of Radiated EMI Due to the Voltage Across Input and Output Cables in an Automotive Non-Isolated Power Converter

Radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a very important research topic in power electronics systems in recent years as the switching frequencies of power electronics converters increase significantly with the adoption of wide-bandgap (WBG) devices. In this survey article, the radiation mechanisms of both near-field and far-field radiation in power electronics systems are first reviewed. Second, for noise sources, the switching characteristics of switching devices and their impacts on radiated EMI were discussed. Third, high frequency radiated EMI modeling and prediction techniques are summarized for both isolated and non-isolated power converters. Low frequency radiated EMI modeling and prediction techniques were also reviewed. Fourth, techniques developed for the mitigation of noise sources, the reduction of noise on its propagation paths and the optimization of critical PCB traces were fully reviewed. Finally, future challenges and research topics for radiated EMI are discussed. 

A Review of Radiated EMI Research in Power Electronics Systems

SiC power devices have become the most promising candidates to replace the Si devices. However, the fast switching speed and switching frequency of SiC power modules raise the concern of radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI). In this paper, the radiated EMI is analyzed for a three-phase motor drive system for electric vehicle (EV) and more electric aircraft (MEA) applications. The EMI noise sources generated by the isolated gate drivers as well as the SiC MOSFETs are analyzed in detail. The noise propagation paths are identified. An analytical model is built to calculate the radiated electric field emission in the frequency range of 150 kHz to 30 MHz. Simulation and experimental results show a good agreement between the proposed analytical model and the measured radiated EMI. Based on the proposed model, radiated EMI reduction techniques are discussed.

Radiated Electromagnetic Interference Modeling for Three Phase Motor Drive Systems with SiC Power Modules

The far-field radiation generated by a power electronic converter with V-shaped cables is a key theoretical problem with engineering application significance. The irregular V-shaped antenna is very difficult to calculate analytically, making a precise prediction of the power converter's far-field radiation very challenging. In this work, the far-field radiation of a power converter with flat shielded cables is modeled and predicted using the retarded partial element equivalent circuit ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathbf{\tau}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> PEEC) theory. The τPEEC modified node analysis circuit model of a metal radiator is introduced first, and then the radiator's input impedance formula is deduced. The τPEEC computation model of the V-shaped radiator, which includes the ground plane reflection effect, is developed for the typical far-field radiation test configuration, and the numerical calculation of the far-field radiation transfer function is obtained using the field strength sensor method. To test the suggested τPEEC approach, a 30-MHz low-side buck converter with flat shielded cables is built, and its 10-m far-field radiation strength is predicted. The V-shaped radiator's radiation characteristics are also investigated, and a design for suppression is proposed and demonstrated. 

Far-Field Radiation Prediction and Analysis of a Power Converter With V-Shaped Flat Cables Based on PEEC

Research on electromagnetic interference of high-frequency power converters remains a challenging and important topic, particularly in light of rapidly emerging wide band-gap power devices operating with ns level turn- on /turn- off times. Building on the substantial contributions that have been made on the formation mechanisms of common mode (CM) radiation, a new mechanism for an equivalent CM driving voltage source caused by imbalanced conductors or components is proposed. Applying this mechanism, the CM driving voltage source model of a nonisolated boost dc/dc power converter with input/output cables is introduced. The CM far-field electric strength algorithms of an asymmetric cable antenna are theoretically analyzed and derived in detail. Subsequently, a prototype for a low-power 30-MHz very-high-frequency boost power converter based on gallium nitride is built and its 10-m CM far-field radiation strength is predicted according to the proposed model. The radiation pattern characteristics are analyzed and several radiation suppression methods are also designed. The comparison with the measured radiation results shows that the proposed CM radiation model and the prediction method achieve good effect below 300 MHz.

Mechanism Model and Prediction Method of Common Mode Radiation for a Nonisolated Very-High-Frequency DC–DC Converter With Cables

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Mechanism Model and Prediction Method of Common Mode Radiation for a Nonisolated Very-High-Frequency DC–DC Converter With Cables