Abstract As wireless solutions for communication, information, and sensing in modern society, electromagnetic waves (EMWs) have contributed considerably to the increase in the quality of people’s everyday lives. At the same time, EMWs produce electromagnetic pollution, issues with electromagnetic interference (EMI), and radio frequency (RF) signal leakage. These circumstances lead to high demand for efficient EMI shielding materials. To design an EMI shielding product, a compromise must be achieved between the electromagnetic shielding efficiency, the thickness of shielding materials, durability, mechanical strength, reduced volume and weight, and elasticity. Due to its ability to block EMWs, flexibility, lightweight, and chemical resistivity, graphene has been identified as a promising candidate material for efficient EMI shielding. Herein, we reviewed the studies that investigated various graphene-based composites as potential EMI shielding materials, with a focus on the composites based on graphene and silver nanowires due to their high EMI shielding efficiency, low production price, and favorable mechanical properties. 

A review on graphene and graphene composites for application in electromagnetic shielding

A continuous interfacial bridging approach to fabricate ultrastrong hydroxylated carbon nanotubes intercalated MXene films with superior electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal dissipating properties

3D printing of conducting polymers has been achieved very recently by direct ink writing of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)-based inks. This field is in its infancy, calling for further research to...

3D Printing of Solvent-treated PEDOT:PSS Inks for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Two-dimensional (2D) nanocomposites have become a hot topic of research and technology nationally and internationally due to their functional properties. Developing advanced strategies for synthesizing nanocomposite multifunctional materials, which employ different synthesis approaches with extraordinary performances, can usually result in the identification and resolution of nanomaterials. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and MXene are leaders in 2D nanomaterials, but their properties are different and complemented each other in many ways. In addition, they faced the same problems in practical applications. Remarkably, combining MXene and LDHs into a new type of material can help complement their strengths and take their advantages, which is an efficient way to develop multifunctional materials with high performance. This comprehensive overview addresses the gap in studies of MXene/LDHs nanocomposites by focusing on strategies, structural morphologies, and applications. This paper focuses on the characteristics of MXene/LDHs nanocomposite preparation in their synthesis strategy and factors influencing the morphology of the composite to gain insight into the morphology control mechanism. In addition, the effects of synthesis strategies, metal compositions, and reactant concentration on the structure and properties of MXene/LDHs nanocomposites and their corresponding interaction mechanism were comprehensively investigated. Importantly, strengths and weaknesses of each synthesis technique and the morphology of the corresponding nanocomposites prepared were discussed, providing a framework for designers to identify which synthetic method is most appropriate for their research. It also provides an audience with the characterization of current applications and behavioral mechanisms of MXene/LDHs nanocomposites in different fields. Finally, we discuss current challenges and outlook strategies for MXene/LDHs nanocomposites from the perspective of materials synthesis and specific applications. This critical review will contribute an essential theoretical basis and approach for the construction and utilization of composites. 

The new emerging MXene/LDHs nanocomposites: A critical review of synthesis strategies, morphological regulation, and application prospects

Temperature-compensated balloon-like fiber magnetic field sensor with F-P structure based on PDMS

MXene@Ag NW cellular composite films were successfully fabricated via a potassium ion induction and liquid nitrogen rapid pre-freezing strategy. The film delivers an ultrahigh EMI SE of 81.11 dB and a high thermal conductivity of 19.96 W m−1 K−1.

An ultralight and thermally conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene–silver nanowire cellular composite film for high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding

• A highly sensitive balloon-like fiber interferometer based on GO nanomaterial coated for humidity measurement is proposed. • GO nanomaterials are coated in the sensing region of balloon-like fiber interferometer by physical deposition method. • An RH sensor based on balloon-like fiber structure interferometer is fabricated. • The sensor possesses good repeatability and stability, and offers broad application prospects for RH monitoring. A highly sensitive balloon-like fiber interferometer based on Graphene Oxide (GO) nanomaterial coated for humidity measurement is proposed in this paper. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is formed by bending single-mode optical fiber. Then GO nanomaterials, which are sensitive to environmental humidity, are coated in the sensing region of the balloon-like fiber interferometer by physical deposition method. When ambient environmental relative humidity (RH) changes, GO nanomaterials will interact with water molecules, thus changing the refractive index (RI) around the sensing region of the balloon-like fiber interferometer, resulting in the shift of resonant wavelength. The measurement of different RH in the environment can be realized by evaluating the spectral drift. By comparing the RH sensitivity of the balloon-like fiber structure with different sensitive lengths, it can be found that the RH sensitivity of the balloon-like fiber structure is enhanced with the increase of the sensitive length. The experimental results of thickness optimization show that when the thickness of GO nanomaterial coating is about 250 nm, the sensitivity of 0.449 nm/%RH with a linearity of 0.992 can be achieved in the range of low humidity (less than 50 %RH). The response time and recovery time are about 4.8 s and 7.8 s. Moreover, the temperature sensitivity of the sensing structure with 250 nm GO nanomaterial is 0.102 nm/°C. Compared with the sensing structure without GO nanomaterial, the cross-influence of temperature can be effectively reduced by GO nanomaterial coating, so as to be better applied to humidity measurement. The balloon-like fiber sensors coated with GO nanomaterial possess good repeatability and stability, and offer broad application prospects for RH monitoring such as in the fields of biochemistry and medicine in the future. 

Highly sensitive balloon-like fiber interferometer based on GO nanomaterial coated for humidity measurement

A dual-parameter sensor based on balloon-like single-mode fiber (SMF) cascaded with Sagnac interferometer (SI) to measure displacement and temperature simultaneously is proposed, and the experimentally proved. The balloon-like structure made by bending SMF is sensitive to micro-displacement and temperature. The SI is inserted into a polarization maintaining fiber (PMF). The SI can be utilized not only for temperature measurement but also as temperature compensation for micro-displacement measurement by balloon-like SMF. By optimizing the length of the PMF, the resonant dips of the two structures are independent of each other. Experimental results indicate that the displacement and temperature sensitivities of the composite sensor reach to –326 pm/um and –1.317 nm/℃, respectively. Additionally, this fiber sensor has the advantages of simple structure, high sensitivity, and good stability, which exhibits applications in fields that require precise temperature control. 

Simultaneous measurement of micro-displacement and temperature based on balloon-like single-mode fiber cascaded with Sagnac interferometer

A high-sensitivity humidity sensor featuring a graphene oxide functionalized microsphere-tapered fiber MZI

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