Building regional ecological network can alleviate the notable contradiction between land use and ecological development in the process of rapid urbanization. Suzhou is the center city of the Yangtze River Delta urban cluster and a typical water network city, but high intensity land use has fragmented its ecological space. The study firstly introduced the patch generation land use simulation (PLUS) model to simulate the land use under the ecological priority scenario in Suzhou in 2032, combining the land use data in 2002, 2012 and 2022 to provide basis for the construction of ecological network in the later stage. Secondly, the ecological sources of the four periods were identified by combining morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and landscape connectivity analysis, and the ecological corridors and nodes of each period were screened and classified by minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model, gravity model and hydrological analysis. Then we superimposed the screened sources, corridors, and nodes to construct an ecological network pattern in Suzhou that can develop in harmony with the land use dynamics. Finally, the degree of optimization was verified by the network structural evaluation in comparison with the ecological network in 2022. The results indicate that (1) Suzhou has the largest area of water among the land use types, with good ecological substrate. Under the guidance of the ecological green development strategy, the woodland and grassland areas will slightly increase in 2032. The overall land use pattern will generally remain consistent with that in 2022, and landscape fragmentation will be mitigated. (2) A total of 23 ecological sources are identified, mainly located near Taihu Lake, Yangcheng Lake and Yangtze River. Among them, Taihu Lake is the most important ecological source. 76 ecological corridors are screened, including 31 construction corridors, 22 protected corridors and 23 potential corridors, mostly water corridors. 54 ecological nodes are selected, divided into 21 general strategic points, 12 potential strategic points, 11 restorative strategic points and 10 break points. (3) The plan forms an ecological spatial pattern of “three cores, four pieces, multiple corridors and multiple sources” and proposes corresponding refined management measures to promote sustainable development in the Yangtze River Delta region. In addition, this study aims to propose a framework for ecological network construction coupled with land use simulation, which can provide new ideas for ecological construction of similar regions affected by urbanization around the globe. 

Construction of ecological network in Suzhou based on the PLUS and MSPA models

Urban ventilation corridors exacerbate air pollution in central urban areas: evidence from a Chinese city

A avaliacao de acaros e colembolos edaficos tem ganhado atencao com vistas ao seu uso como indicadores biologicos da qualidade do solo devido as importantes funcoes desempenhadas por estes individuos no solo. As analises dos parâmetros ecologicos, destes individuos em solos sob sistemas agroflorestais, em comparacao com areas de vegetacao nativa (mata nativa), podem indicar direcionamentos da qualidade do solo com relacao ao manejo adotado. Com base nisso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a populacao de acaros e colembolos em uma area cultivada com um sistema agroflorestal, comparando-as com uma area de mata nativa, na Estacao Experimental Cascata-Embrapa Clima Temperado-Pelotas-RS. Para tal, amostras de solo foram coletadas com o auxilio de um cilindro metalico de volume conhecido, em tres camadas (0,00-0,10 m, 0,10-0,20 m e 0,20-0,40 m). As amostras foram encaminhadas ao laboratorio de biologia do solo da UFPel para a extracao de acaros e colembolos, utilizando-se o metodo do funil de Tullgren. Apos o recolhimento dos organismos, estes foram identificados e contados como o auxilio de uma lupa. Foram capturados 441, 227 e 420 organismos edaficos nas camadas de 0,00-0,10 m, 0,10-0,20 m e 0,20-0,40 m, respectivamente. O solo sob area de mata nativa apresentou menor numero de individuos e indice de dominância em comparacao a area de solo sob sistema agroflorestal, mostrando que a diversidade de cobertura vegetal, bem como a sua incorporacao, proporcionada pelo sistema agroflorestal, pode influenciar positivamente na populacao de acaros e colembolos. O manejo da biomassa vegetal do sistema agroflorestal favorece a populacao de acaros e colembolos.

/pdf/bioindicadores-da-qualidade-do-solo-em-sistemas-r3yk3xncr0.pdf

Bioindicadores da qualidade do solo em sistemas agroflorestais

Frontal area index: A review of calculation methods and application in the urban environment

Surface water resources have witnessed various challenges namely shortage of water availability, deterioration in water quality and reduction of water bodies due to climate change and anthropogenic activities. Thus, extracting surface water bodies accurately and examining trend in their areal extent assumes greater significance. This study makes a novel attempt to utilize remote sensing derived indices and machine learning algorithms to extract and examine spatio-temporal changes in surface water bodies in the lower Thoubal river watershed. Spectral water indices were derived using Landsat data for the years 1989, 1997, 2005, 2013 and 2020 and were fed into machine learning algorithms for precise extraction of surface water bodies. The random forest model exhibited superior performance in terms of surface water extraction. The Mann-Kendall test was then used to examine the trend of surface water bodies during 1989–2020. The analysis revealed a significant declining trend in water extent over the past three decades. Future simulations using a Markov-Chain model also projected a decreasing trend in water bodies for the years 2030 and 2040 in both wet and dry months. The morphological pattern of the surface water bodies was assessed using morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA). It has also shown decrease in area under water bodies. These changes in the dynamics of surface water bodies may be attributed to human encroachment on wetlands for settlement and farming purposes, damming of streamflow, garbage dumping and climate change. Thus, a comprehensive approach encompassing water conservation, demand management, supply augmentation, legislation and long-term planning is essential for fostering sustainable water resource management. The findings of the study may serve as a valuable record for decision-making process and policy responses. We argue that the methodology applied in the study may help in protecting and conserving neglected small surface water bodies in other geographical regions. 

Integrating remote sensing derived indices and machine learning algorithms for precise extraction of small surface water bodies in the lower Thoubal river watershed, India

Identifying urban ventilation corridors through quantitative analysis of ventilation potential and wind characteristics

Rapid urbanization aggravates issues related to protection and optimization of the ecological environment. Constructing an ecological network system, including ecological values in planning, and using landscape effects efficiently are important for adjusting regional ecological space and promoting local sustainable development. Land use data from eight time points between 1980 and 2020 in the Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area were used to identify the local ecological sources, corridors and nodes and to identify an ecological network with high structural integrity. The study used the FLUS, MSPA, MCR, and gravity models, hydrological analysis, and network structure evaluation by applying tools such as ArcGIS, Guidos Toolbox and Conefor. The results indicated that: (1) among the nine major ecological sources, those in the Yellow River Basin connected the large−scale sources in the east and west of the network, and the rest were located in the northeast, southeast and southwest of the research area, semi−enclosing the main urban area of Zhengzhou. (2) There were 163 least−cost paths and 58 ecological corridors, mainly distributed along the Yellow River Basin. (3) There were 70 ecological nodes, divided into 10 strategic, 27 natural ecological and 33 artificial environment nodes, distributed in key locations such as the core of each source and the intersection of corridors. (4) The ecological network included all the landscape elements in the research area and connected the main ecological substrates in a semi−enclosing network structure with one horizontal and two vertical corridors and four clusters.

/pdf/construction-and-optimization-of-an-ecological-network-in-3oxnnf6q.pdf

Construction and Optimization of an Ecological Network in Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area, China

This paper uses the EBM model to measure the carbon emission efficiency of the logistics industry in 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019 and analyzes its spatial and temporal evolution characteristics using ARCGIS visualization. On this basis, the structural characteristics of the spatial correlation network of carbon emission efficiency of the logistics industry in China and its influencing factors are explored and analyzed by using the social network analysis method and the quadratic distribution method (QAP). The study shows that: 1) The national average logistics industry carbon emission efficiency increased from 2010 to 2019, and the spatial logistics industry carbon emission efficiency shows the characteristics of East > Central > Northeast > West, and most of the provinces in China are still in the middle and low logistics industry carbon emission efficiency zone. 2) The carbon emission efficiency of logistics industry in 30 provinces in China has formed a stable spatial correlation network, and there is an obvious spatial spillover relationship. However, the structure of the spatial association network is loose, and there are obvious gaps in the status of each province in the spatial association network. The provinces in the eastern region are at the core of the spatial correlation network, while the provinces in the northeast and west are at the periphery of the spatial correlation network. 3) The reduction of geographical distance between provinces, the greater the differences in logistics development level, logistics energy intensity and logistics environmental protection level, and the higher the similarity of logistics informatization level, the more it can promote the formation of spatial correlation network.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1004463/pdf

Carbon emission efficiency and spatially linked network structure of China’s logistics industry

In order to realize low-carbon and high-quality development, this study took the carbon emissions of each district and county in the Chengdu–Chongqing region from 2005 to 2017 as the research object and used the spatial autocorrelation model to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of carbon emissions in the counties of the Chengdu–Chongqing region, so as to fill in the research blank of carbon emissions in the counties of the Chengdu–Chongqing region. Then, the geographical detector model is used to explore the interaction among influencing factors of carbon emissions and reveal the time changes and regional differences of influencing factors, so as to improve the lack of spatial and temporal heterogeneity of influencing factors of carbon emissions by geographical detector. The results show the following: (i) The overall carbon emissions of counties show a year-on-year growth trend with the main urban areas of Chengdu and Chongqing as the core, but the growth rate slows down after 2010. (ii) The carbon emissions showed a significant positive spatial autocorrelation, and the neighboring counties showed a spatial clustering characteristic of “high-high” or “low-low”, and the clustering status tended to be enhanced. (iii) The carbon emissions are strongly influenced by industrial structure, economic development, investment level, financial situation, urbanization rate and social consumption, and their interactions are all enhanced, but the influence mostly tends to rise first and then fall. (iv) County carbon emissions can be divided into four types of geographical types, such as population size influencing type, urbanization rate influencing type, economic development influencing type and industrial structure influencing type. Therefore, a variety of factors need to be considered comprehensively, a multi-pronged approach, and a comprehensive policy to realize low-carbon transformation in the Chengdu–Chongqing region.

/pdf/the-distribution-and-impact-characteristics-of-small-scale-3h14kfai.pdf

The Distribution and Impact Characteristics of Small-Scale Carbon Emissions in the Chengdu–Chongqing Region

Quantitative identification and analysis of spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ecological space:A case study of Hulun Buir city

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