Laser cladding and surface alloying are surface modification techniques employed to fabricate thin coating/layer with improved surface properties or to refurbish surface defects by forming highly resistant gradient coatings/layers on the substrate. High energy density and cooling rates make these techniques suitable to process a wide range of materials. In recent years, due to the development of high power lasers, improved controlling and delivery mechanisms have attracted extensive research in laser surface treatment. Researchers have analyzed various process factors to improve process performance. The experimental and theoretical studies show that the performance of laser cladding and surface alloying techniques can be enhanced significantly by the proper selection of input process parameters. This paper summarizes various research works carried out so far in the area of laser cladding and surface alloying of different materials and their applications. It reports the research outcomes of experimental and theoretical studies conducted to improve the process performance. A brief introduction of various laser surface treatment processes is also included. Besides these various problems, their solutions and trend for future works have also been discussed.

Recent trends in laser cladding and surface alloying

Research and progress of laser cladding on engineering alloys: A review

Evolution in microstructure, wear, corrosion, and tribocorrosion behavior of Mo-containing high-entropy alloy coatings fabricated by laser cladding

Microstructural evolution and corrosion properties of Ni-based alloy coatings fabricated by multi-layer laser cladding on cast iron

Practical engineering applications of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are limited owing to the trade-off between their strength and plasticity. To address this limitation, herein, a FeCoCrNiMo0.3 HEA with a novel micro-nano rod-shaped σ-phase framework was fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The high cooling rate during the LPBF process, combined with the synergistic effects of large aspect ratios and high growth rates of subgrains, create favorable conditions for the formation of micro-nano precipitation frameworks. This micro-nano precipitate framework introduced a directional constraint mechanism on deformation, thereby simultaneously increasing the strength and plasticity. The fabricated HEA exhibited considerably higher strength and plasticity than the most widely studied LPBF-FeCoCrNi HEA with common columnar grains, with a 30.9% increase in strength and 58.4% increase in ductility achieved. Furthermore, the strength-ductility trade-off has been overcome, and the strength-ductility synergy of the fabricated sample were better than those of other existing LPBF-HEAs. Our results can serve as reference guidelines for the preparation of HEAs with high strength and plasticity, which broaden the application prospects of LPBF-HEAs. 

Fabrication of a strong and ductile FeCoCrNiMo0.3 high-entropy alloy with a micro-nano precipitate framework via laser powder bed fusion

Heat storage technology is critical for solar thermal utilization and waste heat utilization. Phase change heat storage has gotten a lot of attention in recent years due to its high energy storage density. Nevertheless, phase change materials (PCMs) also have problems such as leakage, corrosion, and volume change during the phase change process. Ceramic-based materials with excellent corrosion resistance, good wettability to PCMs, and high thermal conductivity can efficiently compensate for the above drawbacks. Most importantly, ceramic-based composite phase change materials (CPCMs) can simultaneously utilize the latent heat of phase change materials and the sensible heat of ceramic-based materials to achieve high heat storage density. This paper systematically summarizes the preparation, characterization, and application of ceramic-based CPCMs. Firstly, the types, properties, advantages, and disadvantages of ceramic heat storage materials and PCMs are introduced, respectively. Then, the necessity of the composite of ceramic materials and PCMs is proposed. After that, the preparation methods and properties of ceramic-based molten salt, organic, and metal CPCMs are analyzed. Moreover, their applications in waste heat recovery, thermal management for buildings, solar thermal energy storage, and electronic heat dissipation are introduced. Finally, the existing problem and optimization direction of ceramic-based CPCMs are further discussed. 

Review on ceramic-based composite phase change materials: Preparation, characterization and application

Review on heat pump (HP) coupled with phase change material (PCM) for thermal energy storage

Characteristics of dilution and microstructure in laser cladding Ni-Cr-B-Si coating assisted by electromagnetic compound field

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Review on ceramic-based composite phase change materials: Preparation, characterization and application

Review on heat pump (HP) coupled with phase change material (PCM) for thermal energy storage

Characteristics of dilution and microstructure in laser cladding Ni-Cr-B-Si coating assisted by electromagnetic compound field