KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)〔和文〕 (特集 ゲノム医学の現在と未来--基礎と臨床) -- (データベース)

High-quality genome assembly of the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are well known to be involved in metabolic detoxification of xenobiotics, such as phytochemicals, insecticides and environmental pollutants. Enhanced metabolic detoxification is closely associated with the constitutive overexpression and induction of P450s. In general, multiple insect P450s are co-responsible for xenobiotic detoxification. Considering the capacity of P450s to respond to a wide range of xenobiotics, synergistic interactions between natural and synthetic xenobiotics and P450-mediated cross-tolerance/resistance are ubiquitous. Recent studies have indicated that both transcription factors and signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of P450 genes in xenobiotic responses. This article reviews our current understanding of P450-mediated detoxification in insect adaptation to xenobiotics and highlights recent progress in the molecular basis of P450 regulation.

The role of cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification in insect adaptation to xenobiotics.

/pdf/invasiveness-biology-ecology-and-management-of-the-fall-3vvgv99o.pdf

Invasiveness, biology, ecology, and management of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

Advances in organophosphorus pesticides pollution: Current status and challenges in ecotoxicological, sustainable agriculture, and degradation strategies

The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura, is among the most widespread and destructive agricultural pests, feeding on over 100 crops throughout tropical and subtropical Asia. By genome sequencing, physical mapping and transcriptome analysis, we found that the gene families encoding receptors for bitter or toxic substances and detoxification enzymes, such as cytochrome P450, carboxylesterase and glutathione-S-transferase, were massively expanded in this polyphagous species, enabling its extraordinary ability to detect and detoxify many plant secondary compounds. Larval exposure to insecticidal toxins induced expression of detoxification genes, and knockdown of representative genes using short interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced larval survival, consistent with their contribution to the insect’s natural pesticide tolerance. A population genetics study indicated that this species expanded throughout southeast Asia by migrating along a South India–South China–Japan axis, adapting to wide-ranging ecological conditions with diverse host plants and insecticides, surviving and adapting with the aid of its expanded detoxification systems. The findings of this study will enable the development of new pest management strategies for the control of major agricultural pests such as S. litura. Genome of the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura, which is one of the most widespread and destructive agricultural pests in tropical and subtropical Asia.

/pdf/genomic-adaptation-to-polyphagy-and-insecticides-in-a-major-5b7v7r5da8.pdf

Genomic adaptation to polyphagy and insecticides in a major East Asian noctuid pest

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Genomic adaptation to polyphagy and insecticides in a major East Asian noctuid pest