Biodegradable cryogel wound dressing which can stop deep noncompressible hemorrhage and simultaneously promote wound healing is a highly promising biomaterial in clinics. Here, we prepared a series...

Degradable Gelatin-Based IPN Cryogel Hemostat for Rapidly Stopping Deep Noncompressible Hemorrhage and Simultaneously Improving Wound Healing

Hemostatic biomaterials show great promise in wound control for the treatment of uncontrolled bleeding associated with damaged tissues, traumatic wounds, and surgical incisions. A surge of interest has been directed at boosting hemostatic properties of bioactive materials via mechanisms triggering the coagulation cascade. A wide variety of biocompatible and biodegradable materials has been applied to the design of hemostatic platforms for rapid blood coagulation. Recent trends in the design of hemostatic agents emphasize chemical conjugation of charged moieties to biomacromolecules, physical incorporation of blood-coagulating agents in biomaterials systems, and superabsorbing materials in either dry (foams) or wet (hydrogel) states. In addition, tough bioadhesives are emerging for efficient and physical sealing of incisions. In this Review, we highlight the biomacromolecular design approaches adopted to develop hemostatic bioactive materials. We discuss the mechanistic pathways of hemostasis along with the current standard experimental procedures for characterization of the hemostasis efficacy. Finally, we discuss the potential for clinical translation of hemostatic technologies, future trends, and research opportunities for the development of next-generation surgical materials with hemostatic properties for wound management.

Engineered Hemostatic Biomaterials for Sealing Wounds.

Biodegradable gelatin/silver nanoparticle composite cryogel with excellent antibacterial and antibiofilm activity and hemostasis for Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected burn wound healing.

We developed a hemostatic material able to quickly stop wound bleeding by successively constructing carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), gelatin, and alginate onto a cotton gauze surface through a simple layer-by-layer (LbL) process. Briefly, we grafted CMC onto the cotton fibers through an esterification reaction with the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose chains, and then built a gelatin layer on the CMC layer by the ionic reactions with CMC. Finally, we integrated alginate by the lamellar structure through the cross-linking reactions caused by the Ca2+ ions permeated from the gelatin layer. Characterization analyses demonstrated that the resulting composite dressing possessed high fluid absorption, excellent biocompatibility, and hemocompatibility. A better hemostatic performance was also revealed in animal tests compared with cotton gauze, and it showed a short hemostasis time and a small amount of blood loss in the mouse liver injury model and mouse-tail amputation model. Moreover, the composite dressing also exhibited a significant promotion effect of wound healing in a mouse defect wound model. This new composite dressing, which was prepared by natural raw materials, is a promising candidate for wound dressing and demonstrated great potential in medical applications.

Layer-by-layer coating of carboxymethyl chitosan-gelatin-alginate on cotton gauze for hemostasis and wound healing

Biodegradable gelatin/silver nanoparticle composite cryogel with excellent antibacterial and antibiofilm activity and hemostasis for Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected burn wound healing

Studies have shown that gelatin is not only a good hemostatic material, but also a food additive with potentially broad use. Yak skin gelatin is a new gelatin resource, but its oral coagulant effects have not been studied. Given the central role of platelets in hemostasis, in this study we examined the pharmacodynamical differences between different molecular Yak skin gelatins on platelet activation. The hemostatic effects of Yak skin gelatins with different molecular weight distributions were evaluated for bleeding time (BT), clotting time (CT), and platelet activity by measuring the contents of P-selectin, platelet membrane glycoprotein Ia/IIa (GP Ia/IIa), platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa), and platelet membrane glycoprotein IV (GP IV). Intragastric administration of Yak skin gelatin resulted in a significant reduction in CT and BT, and an increase in the contents of P-selectin, GP Ia/IIa, GP IIb/IIIa, and GP IV in all groups in comparison with the control group. The strongest activation of platelets by Yak skin gelatin was observed with size between 0.1 μm and 0.22 μm, and activation may have been in response to improving GP IIb/IIIa and GP IV levels. When measuring the levels of an established indicator of platelet activation, platelet activation-dependent granule membrane protein (CD62P), its promotion was observed for all molecular weight ranges of Yak skin gelatins. In brief, Yak skin gelatin has hemostatic effects, and Yak skin gelatin fractions between 0.1 μm and 0.22 μm are the primary effectors of hemostasis via promoting platelet membrane glycoprotein activities and strengthening platelet function.

Effects of Yak skin gelatin on platelet activation.

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Effects of Yak skin gelatin on platelet activation.