Driving effects of land use and landscape pattern on different spontaneous plant life forms along urban river corridors in a fast-growing city.

Suburban areas connect the city and the natural land. This kind of area is subject to high ecological sensitivity. To give full play to the ecological value of spontaneous plants, it was applied to the construction of suburban parks. We need to explore the influence factors of park characteristics on spontaneous plants. This study takes Jiangyangfan Ecological Park as the main research object. We have investigated the spontaneous plants in it and the surrounding parks. Hence, 16 kinds of park environmental characteristic factors were selected to explore their effects on the composition and diversity of spontaneous plants. The results showed that: (1) There were 138 species of spontaneous plants belonging to 126 genera and 62 families in Jiangyangfan Ecological Park. Native plants accounted for 88.10%. (2) The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of spontaneous plants was ranked as Jiangyangfan Ecological Park > White Pagoda Park > Eight Diagrams Field Relic Park > Haiyue Waterscape Park. (3) Among the overall characteristic factors, the park perimeter and the actual accessible area had the most significant positive correlation to the diversity of spontaneous plants (p < 0.05). Among the environmental element characteristic factors, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of cultivated plants had the strongest positive correlation with the diversity of spontaneous plants (p < 0.01). The number of water bodies presented the strongest negative correlation (p < 0.01). This study provides a useful reference for the rational planning of parks in suburban areas and the construction of sustainable urban and rural landscapes. The research results will contribute to the restoration of the ecological environment.

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Diversity of Spontaneous Plants in Eco-Parks and Its Relationship with Environmental Characteristics of Parks

Abstract. Soendjoto MA, Riefani MK, Triwibowo D, Wahyudi F, Choirun D, Perdana YP. 2023. Spontaneously growing plants on revegetation sites of former coal mine in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1610-1620. Plants that grow and develop on the revegetation sites of post-coal mining are not only plant species that are intentionally planted, but also those that grow spontaneously. The aim of the research was to inventory plant species that grow spontaneously on revegetation sites of former coal mine sites in South Kalimantan Province and to analyze their presence mechanism and maintenance practices. Vegetation sampling was conducted on the plots established along the path with the size of each plot was 2 x 2 m2. All plants herbs (except grasses) and seedlings (shrubs, bushes, lianas and trees) within the plots were recorded and the vegetation composition was analyzed using Important Value Index as the parameter. Vegetation was monitored for 5 periods from 2018 to 2022 at the revegetation sites of two different planting years, i.e. 2016 and 2017. At Site-2016, 60 species belonging to 22 plant families were found and 71.67% of them grew spontaneously, while at Site-2017 there were 58 species belonging to 22 plant families and 70.69% of them were plants that grew spontaneously. Spontaneously growing species varied not only by location, but also by monitoring period. They are present at revegetation sites through seed dispersal mechanisms facilitated by natural activities (such as animals, wind, and water) as well as human activities. There are several management practices to facilitate vegetation succession, one of which is through spraying herbicides of weeds and invasive understorey species.

Spontaneously growing plants on revegetation sites of former coal mine in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

The distribution pattern and influencing factors of specific species diversity play a crucial role in decision-making for biodiversity conservation. Identifying suitable regional habitat indicators to assess specific species diversity patterns is a global focus topic. A total of 112 sample plots were surveyed to investigate the relationship between Asteraceae species diversity and topography, soil nutrients, and stand factors, using a Structural Equation Model (SEM). Additionally, the Maxent model was utilized to predict the distribution pattern of Asteraceae species diversity in response to specific habitat factors. The findings revealed that soil nutrients, topography, and canopy closure had different impacts on Asteraceae species diversity, with soil nutrients showing the highest relative coefficient, followed by topography and canopy closure. The elevation and slope gradient were identified as direct and indirect influences on Asteraceae species diversity. The contribution rate of potential environmental variables on the Asteraceae species diversity was ranked as follows: STN (29.7%) &gt; SOM (28.5%) &gt; slope (8.5%) &gt; Ele (8.1%). Asteraceae species diversity was found to be abundant in the locations with SOM (&gt;27 g/kg), STN (&gt;1.8 g/kg), Ele (165–333 m), and slopes (5–12 degrees). Soil nutrient content serves as a key indicator for assessing the abundance of Asteraceae species diversity and should be considered in biodiversity conservation. 

Applying Specific Habitat Indicators to Study Asteraceae Species Diversity Patterns in Mountainous Area of Beijing, China

: [Objective] Domestic sponge city construction has gradually entered the stage of refined evaluation and optimized construction. At present, domestic research on sponge habitats focuses on stormwater management and biodiversity benefits. Wet ponds in sponge facilities, as sponge habitats with standing water levels, are key habitat heterogeneity patches in urban green spaces with significant ecological service potential. This research aims to enhance the construction quality of wet pond habitat, monitor and identify problems in the quality of native wet pond habitats, and propose strategies to improve the quality of wet pond habitat, and promote the enhancement of the ecological service function of this key habitat. [Methods] Based on the completed wet pond facilities in the pilot sponge city area of Chongqing, this research monitored the quality of vegetation, soil, and water body in the wet pond habitat within the research area from 2021 to 2023. In this research, eleven representative wet pond facilities in Yuelai International Convention and Exhibition City are selected, and information such as plant species name, strain, and cover is recorded on site. Wet pond soil is surveyed and sampled to further clarify the physical properties and fertility quality characteristics thereof. Wet pond water samples are collected in sunny days and days with heavy rain or torrential rain, and water pollution indicators are measured. Vegetation habitat quality is assessed by the M-Godorn stability measurement method, soil habitat quality is assessed by the Nemero fertility index method, and water habitat quality by the Nemero pollution index method. Additionally, Kruskal-Wallis test is used to investigate whether there exists a significant difference in the quality of wet pond habitat between the construction land and the non-construction land, and Pearson analysis is used to investigate the correlation between the construction characteristics and water quality of wet pond. [Results] A total of 176 species of plants classified

Quality Characteristics and Construction Management Strategies of Wet Pond Habitat: A Case Study of the Pilot Chongqing Sponge City Project

Wetlands contain a large number of spontaneous plants, and the ecological value of such plants should not be underestimated. However, the influence of the surrounding environment on the composition of spontaneous plants in wetlands is still unclear. Hangzhou Jiangyangfan Ecological Park, built more than 20 years ago, is the first ecological park in China based on the “wild state” concept. The wetland in the park was taken as a study case, and we investigated some of the ecological factors affecting the diversity and distribution pattern of spontaneous plants in wetland habitats after natural succession. A total of 100 species of spontaneous plants were recorded, belonging to 93 genera and 48 families, with native species accounting for approximately 78% of the total. We found significant differences in the species diversity and distribution patterns of spontaneous plants in different habitats and microhabitats. According to the biological characteristics of spontaneous plants, the fruit types were mostly achenes and capsules, and the seed dispersal mode was mainly animal dispersal. Different fruit types and dispersal modes affected the composition and distribution of spontaneous plants. In terms of environmental factors, the water depth and slope aspect were the key factors determining the diversity and distribution pattern of spontaneous plants. It was also found that the clustering degree of cultivated plants had an effect on the composition of spontaneous plants. To form a more natural wetland landscape, it is necessary to provide a variety of growing environments for spontaneous plants. We suggest allocating appropriate habitat types in wetlands and reducing human intervention to increase biodiversity.

/pdf/distribution-pattern-and-factors-influencing-spontaneous-1gsk6i3j.pdf

Distribution Pattern and Factors Influencing Spontaneous Plant Diversity in Different Wetland Habitats

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Distribution Pattern and Factors Influencing Spontaneous Plant Diversity in Different Wetland Habitats