In this work, oxygen-rich activated carbon compounds were prepared from three kinds of biomass by simple carbonization and they were investigated as electrodes for supercapacitors. The selected biomasses were waste dragon fruit skin, Momordica grosvenori skin and Firmiana catkins. Three kinds of as-prepared activated carbons showed abundant oxygen-containing groups and typical amorphous characteristics with high specific surface areas of 911.2 m2 g−1, 597.5 m2 g−1 and 286.7 m2 g−1, respectively. This combination of high specific surface areas and abundant active surface functional groups resulted in capacitances of 286.9 F g−1, 238.7 F g−1 and 226.6 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, respectively. Furthermore, three kinds of as-prepared activated carbons also showed excellent cycling performance with nearly 100% retention over 5000 cycles at 4.0 A g−1 in 2.0 mol l−1 KOH solution. As a result, three kinds of as-prepared activated carbons exhibited favorable electrochemical performances in potential application as electrode materials for supercapacitors.

Oxygen-doped activated carbons derived from three kinds of biomass: preparation, characterization and performance as electrode materials for supercapacitors

Hierarchical porous carbon derived from coal-based carbon foam for high-performance supercapacitors

A one-step, facile method to produce 3-dimensional porous activated carbons (ACs) from corn residual dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) by microwave-assisted chemical activation was developed. The ACs’ application potentials in dye removal and supercapacitor electrodes were also demonstrated. The porous structure and surface properties of the ACs were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the surface area of the as-prepared ACs was up to 1000 m2/g. In the dye removal tests, these DDGS-based ACs exhibited a maximum adsorption ratio of 477 mg/g on methylene blue. In electric double layer capacitors, electrochemical tests indicated that the ACs had ideal capacitive and reversible behaviors and exhibited excellent electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance varied between 120 and 210 F/g under different scan rates and current densities. In addition, the capacitors showed excellent stability even after one thousand charge–discharge cycles. The specific capacitance was further increased up to 300 F/g by in situ synthesis of MnO2 particles in the ACs to induce pseudo-capacitance. This research showed that the DDGS-based ACs had great potentials in environmental remediation and energy storage applications.

Development of Low-Cost DDGS-Based Activated Carbons and Their Applications in Environmental Remediation and High-Performance Electrodes for Supercapacitors

The water-processable biochar (BC) based on pitch pine was prepared by dispersing these grinded micropowders into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) mixed aqueous dispersion for electrochemical sensing of cadmium ion (Cd2+) in real samples. Biochars was obtained by pyrolyzing the pitch pine under oxygen-limited conditions at 600 degrees C. Montmorillonite (MMT) was employed for enhancing surface area, adsorption capacity, ion-exchange ability and dispersive stability. Carboxymethyl cellulose was selected for enhancing water-dispersive ability, film-forming ability, adhesive ability. BC-CMC-MMT composites displayed synergistically enhanced ability like surface area, adsorption capacity and stripping response towards Cd2+, which was employed as cost-effective electrode modified material for voltammetric determination of Cd2+ in linear range of 2.0 x 10(-8) - 8 x 10(-5) M with limit of detection of 6.7 nM, remarkable selectivity, and good practicability. Satisfactory sensing performance indicated that low-cost water-processable BC has practical values and serves as sensing material for electrochemically determining heavy metal ions in real samples.

Facile Preparation of Water-processable Biochar Based on Pitch Pine and Its Electrochemical Application for Cadmium Ion Sensing

Porous Activated Carbon Derived from Distillers Dried Grains with Soluble as Lithium Ion Battery Anode Material

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Porous Activated Carbon Derived from Distillers Dried Grains with Soluble as Lithium Ion Battery Anode Material