Oxidative stress and aging

Oxidative stress, ER stress, inflammation, and apoptosis results in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity. The present study was designed to investigate the signaling mechanisms involved in the ameliorating effect of taurine, a conditionally essential amino acid, against cisplatin-mediated cardiac ER stress dependent apoptotic death and inflammation. Mice were simultaneously treated with taurine (150 mg kg-1 body wt, i.p.) and cisplatin (10 mg kg-1 body wt, i.p.) for a week. Cisplatin exposure significantly altered serum creatine kinase and troponin T levels. In addition, histological studies revealed disintegration in the normal radiation pattern of cardiac muscle fibers. However, taurine administration could abate such adverse effects of cisplatin. Taurine administration significantly mitigated the reactive oxygen species production, alleviated the overexpression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and inhibited the elevation of proinflammatoy cytokines, adhesion molecules, and chemokines. Cisplatin exposure resulted in the unfolded protein response (UPR)-regulated CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CHOP) up-regulation, induction of GRP78: a marker of ER stress and eIF2α signaling. Increase in calpain-1 expression level, activation of caspase-12 and caspase-3, cleavage of the PARP protein as well as the inhibition of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 were reflected on cisplatin-triggered apoptosis. Taurine could, however, combat against such cisplatin induced cardiac-abnormalities. The above mentioned findings suggest that taurine plays a beneficial role in providing protection against cisplatin-induced cardiac damage by modulating inflammatory responses and ER stress. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):647-664, 2016.

Taurine protects cisplatin induced cardiotoxicity by modulating inflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses

Myocardial dysfunction is an important manifestation of sepsis. Previous studies suggest that melatonin is protective against sepsis. In addition, activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway has been reported to be beneficial in sepsis. However, the role of PI3K/Akt signaling in the protective effect of melatonin against sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction remains unclear. Here, LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, was used to investigate the role of PI3K/Akt signaling in mediating the effects of melatonin on sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery was used to establish a rat model of sepsis. Melatonin was administrated to rats intraperitoneally (30 mg/kg). The survival rate, measures of myocardial injury and cardiac performance, serum lactate dehydrogenase level, inflammatory cytokine levels, oxidative stress level, and the extent of myocardial apoptosis were assessed. The results suggest that melatonin administration after CLP surgery improved survival rates and cardiac function, attenuated myocardial injury and apoptosis, and decreased the serum lactate dehydrogenase level. Melatonin decreased the production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and HMGB1, increased anti-oxidant enzyme activity, and decreased the expression of markers of oxidative damage. Levels of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), unphosphorylated Akt (Akt), Bcl-2, and Bax were measured by Western blot. Melatonin increased p-Akt levels, which suggests Akt pathway activation. Melatonin induced higher Bcl-2 expression and lower Bax expression, suggesting inhibition of apoptosis. All protective effects of melatonin were abolished by LY294002, the PI3K inhibitor. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that melatonin mitigates myocardial injury in sepsis via PI3K/Akt signaling activation.

Melatonin attenuates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction via a PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanism.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of L-carnitine (LC), hypotaurine (HT), and taurine (T) on the quality of frozen-thawed chicken semen. Pooled semen samples were divided into seven aliquots (control, 1 mM LC, 5 mM LC, 1 mM HT, 10 mM HT, 1 mM T, and 10 mM T) and subjected to cryopreservation. Postthaw sperm motility was determined by IVOS system and sperm characteristics were assessed with fluorochromes and flow cytometry. The highest sperm motility and the highest percentage of viable sperm were in the HT1 group ( and ) following cryopreservation. After thawing, we observed a higher percentage of sperm without apoptosis and membrane reorganization changes in the LC1 and T1 group when compared to the control ( ). There was a higher percentage of live sperm without lipid peroxidation (LPO) in all treatments ( ; ), when compared to the control group. The percentage of sperm with high mitochondrial potential significantly increased with LC1, T1, and T10 ( ). Supplementation of the diluent with LC1, LC5, and T1 significantly ( ) reduced DNA susceptibility to fragmentation, compared to the control and HT1 groups. These results indicate that the addition of examined antioxidants improves the quality of cryopreserved chicken semen.

/pdf/the-effect-of-l-carnitine-hypotaurine-and-taurine-334o8u5ny1.pdf

The Effect of L-Carnitine, Hypotaurine, and Taurine Supplementation on the Quality of Cryopreserved Chicken Semen.

Effects of dietary taurine on growth, non-specific immunity, anti-oxidative properties and gut immunity in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis.

In males, the decline of androgen synthesis, spermatogenesis and sexual function are the main phenotypes of aging, which may be attributed to testicular dysfunction. Taurine can act as an antioxidant, a testosterone secretion stimulator, a sperm membrane stabilizer and motility factor, and an anti-apoptotic agent. Recent observational studies suggested that taurine may play an important role in spermatogenesis, but to date whether taurine has anti-aging effects on testes remains unknown. We found that in aged rats testicular SDH and G6PDH activities, marker enzymes of testes, serum testosterone, testicular 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD mRNA expression levels were significantly increased by taurine treatment. Taurine administration also markedly raised the sperm count, viability and motility, decreased the sperm abnormality. Our data suggested that taurine can postpone testicular function deterioration in aged rats. Importantly, we observed obvious elevation of testicular antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, GSH-Px) activities, and remarkable reduction of ROS and MDA by taurine administration, indicating taurine can decrease testicular oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in aged rats. Finally, we found taurine effectively reduced testicular DNA fragmentation, increased testicular Bcl-2 protein expression, and decreased cytochrome c, Bax, Fas, FasL and caspase-3 expression, suggesting taurine can prohibit aged testicular apoptosis by mitochondrial dependent and independent signal pathway. In summary, our results indicated that taurine can suppress testicular function deterioration by increasing antioxidant ability and inhibiting apoptosis.

Taurine increases testicular function in aged rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis

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Taurine increases testicular function in aged rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis