1-Methylcyclopropene treatment delays the softening of Actinidia arguta fruit by reducing cell wall degradation and modulating carbohydrate metabolism.

Hylomecon japonica is considered a natural medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antibacterial activity. The assessment of climate change impact on its habitat suitability is important for the wild cultivation and standardized planting of H. japonica. In this study, the maximum entropy model (Maxent) and geographic information system (ArcGIS) were applied to predict the current and future distribution of H. japonica species, and the contributions of variables were evaluated by using the jackknife test. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value confirmed the accuracy of the model prediction based on 102 occurrence records. The predicted potential distributions of H. japonica were mainly concentrated in Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Chongqing, Henan, Heilongjiang and other provinces (adaptability index > 0.6). The jackknife experiment showed that the precipitation of driest month (40.5%), mean annual temperature (12.4%), the precipitation of wettest quarter (11.6%) and the subclass of soil (9.7%) were the most important factors affecting the potential distribution of H. japonica. In the future, only under the shared socioeconomic Pathway 245 (SSP 245) scenario model in 2061–2080, the suitable habitat area for H. japonica is expected to show a significant upward trend. The area under other scenarios may not increase or decrease significantly.

Predicting the Potential Distribution of Hylomecon japonica in China under Current and Future Climate Change Based on Maxent Model

Climate change has a significant impact on the potential distribution for endangered trees. However, to date, little is known about how the endangered trees and main associated ones in different types of subtropical forests respond to climate change. Here, we first selected the endangered Zelkova schneideriana endemic to China and its associated trees as focus species from two subtropical forest communities (i.e. deciduous broad-leaf forest, bamboo and broad-leaf mixed forest) in China, and divided them into two species pairs: Z. schneideriana vs. Celtis sinensis , and Z. schneideriana vs. Phyllostachys edulis . Then, we simulated the three species’ suitable areas under current and future climate scenarios using Maxent based on the occurrence records and environmental variables, and further measured niche overlap between each species pair over time. Our Maxent showed: (1) Temperature-related factors have greater influence on Z. schneideriana than the other factors. The most important factor influencing its population distribution was Min temperature of coldest month (Bio6), followed by Mean diurnal range (Bio2), with the total contribution of 78.9%. (2) Currently, the suitable area of Z. schneideriana was predicted to be 106.50 × 10 4 km 2 , mostly located in the subtropical region of China, especially in Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang provinces. (3) Its suitable area would decrease and its average migration distance was 19.72 km under 16 future climate scenarios, with the core distribution migrating northeast. (4) There is an asynchrony of potential niche overlap between species pairs. One species pair with C. sinensis will rise in terms of Schoener’s D and I values whereas the other one with P. edulis will decline in the future. This asynchrony can be ascribed to the different future suitable ranges of these focus species as well as their ecological characteristics. Our study provides a new perspective on the conservation for endangered trees and surrounding neighbors in Chinese subtropical forests. 

Potentially differential impacts on niche overlap between Chinese endangered Zelkova schneideriana and its associated tree species under climate change

In recent years, the main kiwifruit producing region, central-south Shaanxi Province, has often suffered from the threat of extreme high temperatures. Assessing the risk of high-temperature disasters in the region is essential for the rational planning of agricultural production and the development of resilience measures. In this study, a database was established to assess the risk of a high-temperature disaster to kiwifruit. Then, four aspects, hazard, vulnerability, exposure and disaster prevention and mitigation capacity, were taken into account and 19 indexes were selected to make an assessment of the risk of a high-temperature disaster. At the same time, 16 indexes were selected for the assessment of the climatic suitability of kiwifruit in terms of light, heat, water, soil and topography, and were used as one of the indexes for exposure assessment. The analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weighting method were combined to solve the weights for each index. The results reveal that: (1) The Guanzhong Plain has a high climatic suitability for kiwifruit, accounting for 15.14% of the study area. (2) The central part of the study area and southern Shaanxi are at high risk, accounting for 22.7% of the study area. The major kiwifruit producing areas in Shaanxi Province (e.g., Baoji) are at a low risk level, which is conducive to the development of the kiwifruit industry. Our study is the first to provide a comprehensive assessment of the risk of a high-temperature disaster to the economic fruit kiwifruit, providing a reference for disaster resilience and mitigation.

Comprehensive Risk Assessment of High Temperature Disaster to Kiwifruit in Shaanxi Province, China.

Tomicus yunnanensis Kirkendall (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) is a stem-boring pest that endangers Pinus yunnanensis Franch (Pinales:Pinoideae), which seriously affects the ecological environment safety in southwest China. In order to understand the potential distribution pattern and change in the potential distribution of P. yunnanensis and T. yunnanensis, this study used the maximum entropy model to predict the distribution of potentially suitable areas for P. yunnanensis and T. yunnanensis and explored the relationships between their different spatiotemporal distributions based on change analysis. The experimental results show that altitude is the main factor restricting the current distribution of P. yunnanensis. The current suitable areas of P. yunnanensis are mainly distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou. The minimum temperature of the coldest month is the main factor affecting the current distribution of T. yunnanensis. The current suitable areas of T. yunnanensis are mainly distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. Under future climate scenarios, the total suitable areas of P. yunnanensis and T. yunnanensis are expected to increase. The suitable areas tend to move to higher altitudes in the west and higher latitudes in the north. At the same time, this study finds that there is an obvious bottleneck of expansion to northeastern Sichuan near the Daba Mountains. The results of intersection analysis showed that, with future climate change, P. yunnanensis and T. yunnanensis mainly showed lowly suitable (or unsuitable)—lowly suitable (or unsuitable) to moderately (or highly) suitable—and moderate (or high) variation patterns of suitable areas under the SSP1-2.6 climate scenario. These results will provide an important basis for the breeding of P. yunnanensis and controlling T. yunnanensis.

/pdf/similar-pattern-of-potential-distribution-of-pinus-3juobe53.pdf

Similar Pattern of Potential Distribution of Pinus yunnanensis Franch and Tomicusyunnanensis Kirkendall under Climate Change in China

Actinidia arguta (Siebold and Zucc.) Planch.ex Miq, called “hardy kiwifruit”, “baby kiwi” or “kiwi berry”, has a unique taste, is rich in nutrients and has high economic value and broad market prospects. Active research on the potential geographic distribution of A. arguta in China aims to provide a reference basis for its resource investigation, conservation, development and utilization and introduction of cultivation. In this study, the Maxent model was used to combine climatic factors, soil factors and geographical factors (elevation, slope and aspect) to predict the current and future (2041–2060 and 2081–2100) potential distribution of A. arguta and to analyze the impact of climate change on it. The results showed that the suitable distribution range of A. arguta in China was 23–43 N and 100–125 E, with a total area of about 3.4451 × 106 km2. The highly suitable area of A. arguta was mainly concentrated in the middle and low mountain areas of the south of Shaanxi, the east of Sichuan, the middle and west of Guizhou and the west of Yunnan, presenting a circular distribution. The Jackknife test was used to calculate the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of A. arguta. The first four main factors were annual mean temperature (bio_1), precipitation of the warmest quarter (bio_18), elevation (ELE) and mean temperature of the warmest quarter (bio_10), which provided a contribution up to 81.7%. Under the scenarios of three representative concentrations (SSP1_2.6, SSP2_4.5 and SSP5_8.5) in the future, the area of low and moderate suitable habitat decreased, while the area of highly suitable habitat increased. The migration direction of the centroid in the highly suitable habitat moved to the southwest in the future scenario period.

Prediction of Potential Geographical Distribution Patterns of Actinidia arguta under Different Climate Scenarios

Peptides and peptide aptamers have emerged as promising molecules for a wide range of biomedical applications due to their unique properties and versatile functionalities. The screening strategies for identifying peptides and peptide aptamers with desired properties are discussed, including high‐throughput screening, display screening technology, and in silico design approaches. The synthesis methods for the efficient production of peptides and peptide aptamers, such as solid‐phase peptide synthesis and biosynthesis technology, are described, along with their advantages and limitations. Moreover, various modification techniques are explored to enhance the stability, specificity, and pharmacokinetic properties of peptides and peptide aptamers. This includes chemical modifications, enzymatic modifications, biomodifications, genetic engineering modifications, and physical modifications. Furthermore, the review highlights the diverse biomedical applications of peptides and peptide aptamers, including targeted drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutic. This review provides valuable insights into the advancements in screening, synthesis, modification, and biomedical applications of peptides and peptide aptamers. A comprehensive understanding of these aspects will aid researchers in the development of novel peptide‐based therapeutics and diagnostic tools for various biomedical challenges.

Advances in screening, synthesis, modification, and biomedical applications of peptides and peptide aptamers.

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive drug that widely used in clinic. Due to its narrow therapeutic window and the significant individual differences, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of CsA is...

Non-immobilized GO-SELEX screening of the aptamer against Cyclosporine A and its application in AuNPs colorimetric aptasensor

When measuring plant functional traits across geomorphologies, 5–10 healthy individuals of a plant species are commonly sampled. However, whether more individuals should be sampled in habitat-heterogeneous karst vegetation remains unknown. In this study, two dominant tree species (Clausena dunniana and Platycarya strobilacea) in karst evergreen and broadleaved mixed forests in Southwestern China were selected. On the basis of a large quantity of individuals of the two species grown in different peak clumps and slope positions, variations of 10 morphological traits in the two species were statistically analyzed. The suggested sampling number of individuals, which could mostly represent the common trait characteristics, was further explored. All traits showed significant differences between the two species (p < 0.05). The traits of P. strobilacea displayed larger intraspecific variations than those of C. dunniana, except for twig dry matter content. The bark thickness (BT), leaf area (LA), and specific leaf area (SLA) of C. dunniana and the BT, SLA, LA, leaf tissue density, and bark tissue density of P. strobilacea presented large intraspecific variations. Most traits exhibited significant differences between peak clumps and/or among slope positions (p < 0.05). Random sampling analysis indicated that the suggested sampling numbers of individuals for the 10 traits are 6–23 in C. dunniana and 9–29 in P. strobilacea. The common accepted sample size in normal geomorphologies is not sufficiently large in most cases. Larger sample sizes are recommended for traits, such as SLA, BT, and LA, with larger intraspecific variations. Therefore, under sufficient labor, material, and time, more individuals should be sampled when measuring plant functional traits in habitat-heterogeneous karst vegetation.

/pdf/should-more-individuals-be-sampled-when-measuring-functional-2mwks5qn.pdf

Should more individuals be sampled when measuring functional traits of tree species in habitat-heterogeneous karst forests?

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Prediction of Potential Geographical Distribution Patterns of Actinidia arguta under Different Climate Scenarios

Advances in screening, synthesis, modification, and biomedical applications of peptides and peptide aptamers.

Non-immobilized GO-SELEX screening of the aptamer against Cyclosporine A and its application in AuNPs colorimetric aptasensor

Should more individuals be sampled when measuring functional traits of tree species in habitat-heterogeneous karst forests?