Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) promise to advance a number of real-world technologies. Of these applications, they are particularly attractive for uses in chemical sensors for environmental and health monitoring. However, chemical sensors based on CNTs are often lacking in selectivity, and the elucidation of their sensing mechanisms remains challenging. This review is a comprehensive description of the parameters that give rise to the sensing capabilities of CNT-based sensors and the application of CNT-based devices in chemical sensing. This review begins with the discussion of the sensing mechanisms in CNT-based devices, the chemical methods of CNT functionalization, architectures of sensors, performance parameters, and theoretical models used to describe CNT sensors. It then discusses the expansive applications of CNT-based sensors to multiple areas including environmental monitoring, food and agriculture applications, biological sensors, and national security. The discussion of each analyte focuses on the strategies used to impart selectivity and the molecular interactions between the selector and the analyte. Finally, the review concludes with a brief outlook over future developments in the field of chemical sensors and their prospects for commercialization.

Carbon Nanotube Chemical Sensors

Electronic-nose (e-nose) instruments, derived from numerous types of aroma-sensor technologies, have been developed for a diversity of applications in the broad fields of agriculture and forestry. Recent advances in e-nose technologies within the plant sciences, including improvements in gas-sensor designs, innovations in data analysis and pattern-recognition algorithms, and progress in material science and systems integration methods, have led to significant benefits to both industries. Electronic noses have been used in a variety of commercial agricultural-related industries, including the agricultural sectors of agronomy, biochemical processing, botany, cell culture, plant cultivar selections, environmental monitoring, horticulture, pesticide detection, plant physiology and pathology. Applications in forestry include uses in chemotaxonomy, log tracking, wood and paper processing, forest management, forest health protection, and waste management. These aroma-detection applications have improved plant-based product attributes, quality, uniformity, and consistency in ways that have increased the efficiency and effectiveness of production and manufacturing processes. This paper provides a comprehensive review and summary of a broad range of electronic-nose technologies and applications, developed specifically for the agriculture and forestry industries over the past thirty years, which have offered solutions that have greatly improved worldwide agricultural and agroforestry production systems.

/pdf/diverse-applications-of-electronic-nose-technologies-in-2wzvxjx3yk.pdf

Diverse Applications of Electronic-Nose Technologies in Agriculture and Forestry

Environmental pollution is one of the greatest problems that the world is facing today, and it is increasing with every passing year and causing grave and irreparable damage to the earth. Nanomaterials, because of their novel physical and chemical characteristics, have great promise to combat environment pollution. Nanotechnology is being used to devise pollution sensor. A variety of materials in their nano form like iron, titanium dioxide, silica, zinc oxide, carbon nanotube, dendrimers, polymers, etc. are increasingly being used to make the air clean, to purify water, and to decontaminate soil. Nanotechnology is also being used to make renewable energy cheaper and more efficient. The use of nanotechnology in agriculture sector will reduce the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals and thus will reduce the load of chemical pollutant. While remediating environment pollution with nanomaterials, it should also be monitored that these materials do not contribute further degradation of the environment. This review will focus broadly on the applications of nanotechnology in the sustainable development with particular emphasis on renewable energy, air-, water-, and soil-remediation. Besides, the review highlights the recent developments in various types of nanomaterials and nanodevices oriented toward pollution monitoring and remediation.

Recent trends in nanomaterials applications in environmental monitoring and remediation

A sensitive photoacoustic sensor system for the detection of ppb-level sulfur dioxide (SO2) was developed by the use of a continuous-wave room-temperature, high-power quantum cascade laser (QCL) wi...

ppb-Level SO2 Photoacoustic Sensors with a Suppressed Absorption-Desorption Effect by Using a 7.41 μm External-Cavity Quantum Cascade Laser.

In the long-running of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)-insulated equipment, SF6 inevitably decomposes to various decomposition products under electric discharge, including SOF2 and SO2F2. In this work, single Pt modified molybdenum disulphide (Pt-MoS2) monolayer, and double Pt modified molybdenum disulphide (Pt2-MoS2) monolayer are proposed to analyse its adsorption and sensing properties to SOF2 and SO2F2 with single and double gas molecules adsorption based on density functional theory. The adsorption energy, density of states, and molecular orbit theory are employed to analyse the adsorption and sensing mechanism. It turns out that the Pt-MoS2 and Pt2-MoS2 present outstanding adsorption capacity to gas molecules. Specifically, double SOF2 adsorption on Pt2-MoS2 shows the best adsorption performance, and the conductivity of the adsorption system changes the most in the adsorption process. Overall, both Pt-MoS2 and Pt2-MoS2 perform as an excellent gas sensor. This study provides a theoretical basis to develop Pt-MoS2 and Pt2-MoS2 based materials for SOF2 and SO2F2 detection in SF6-insulated equipment.

/pdf/platinum-modified-mos2-monolayer-for-adsorption-and-gas-phvef76ec9.pdf

Platinum modified MoS2 monolayer for adsorption and gas sensing of SF6 decomposition products: a DFT study

H2S and SO2 are important characteristic gases of partial discharge (PD) generated by latent insulated defects in gas insulated switchgear (GIS). The detection of H2S and SO2 is of great significance in the diagnosis and assessment of the operating status of GIS. In this paper, we perform experiments on the gas sensitivity of unmodified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and those modified by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) air plasma at different times (30, 60 and 120 s) for H2S and SO2, respectively. The results show that the sensitivity and response time of modified MWNTs to H2S are both improved, whereas the opposite effects are observed for SO2. The modified MWNTs have almost zero sensitivity to SO2. Thus, the MWNTs modified by atmospheric pressure DBD air plasma present good selectivity to H2S, and have great potential in H2S detection.

/pdf/effect-of-plasma-treatment-on-multi-walled-carbon-nanotubes-1f1fjti8w3.pdf

Effect of Plasma Treatment on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for the Detection of H2S and SO2

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Effect of Plasma Treatment on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for the Detection of H2S and SO2