In this study, the thin-walled plate with the central open hole made of carbon-epoxy composite was investigated.The plate was tested in tension to investigate the mechanism of crack formation in the composite structure.The studies were carried out using two individual methods: experimental and numerical.In the experiment test, load was measured as the function of plate elongation.The Plate elongation was analysed using the Aramis optical noncontact measurement system.In the numerical study, the FEM model reproducing the experimental conditions was developed in the Abaqus software.The cracking process was modelled using the XFEM method (extended finite element method).This procedure allowed the of the composite to be examined over the full range of the tensile load.The behaviour of the plate with a circular open hole was investigated before damage symptoms and the damage initiation load was determined.The study continued to analyse the initial cracking and delamination of the laminate layers, together with crack propagation leading to cracking of all the laminate layers (complete failure of the composite structure).The novelty of this study is that it uses the popular XFEM method to describe the cracking and failure of the composite structure.In addition, the study proposes the novel method for determining the crack initiation and failure loads of the composite plate under tension, and the results obtained thereby are verified numerically. 

Numerical and Experimental Study of Crack Propagation in the Tensile Composite Plate with the Open Hole

Real thin-walled composite structures such as aircraft or automotive structures are exposed to the development of various types of damage during operation. The effect of circular hole size on the strength of a thin-walled plate made of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) was investigated in this study. The test object was subjected to tensile testing to investigate the strength and cracking mechanism of the composite structure with variable diameter of the central hole. The study was performed using two independent test methods: experimental and numerical. With increasing diameter of the central hole, significant weakening of the composite plate was observed. The study showed qualitative and quantitative agreement between the experimental and numerical results. The results confirmed the agreement of the proposed FEM model with the experimental test. The novelty of this study is the use of the popular XFEM technique to describe the influence of the hole size on the cracking and failure of the composite structure. In addition, the study proposes a new method for determining the experimental and numerical damage and failure loads of a composite plate under tension.

/pdf/failure-mechanism-of-tensile-cfrp-composite-plates-with-1558zhpx.pdf

Failure Mechanism of Tensile CFRP Composite Plates with Variable Hole Diameter

Drilling carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) presents significant challenges due to high cutting forces and surface defects. To address this, laser-assisted drilling (LAD) has emerged as a pioneering technique, surpassing conventional drilling (CD). Experimental results unequivocally establish LAD's superiority. Notably, the cutting mechanism in CFRP transitions from compression fracture in CD to shear cutting in LAD, remarkably reducing cutting force by about 26%. This reduction is explained comprehensively, accounting for surface energy, frictional energy, and chip fracture energy. We introduce an innovative simulation model replicating the machined CFRP surface after laser processing, enabling detailed surface quality analysis in LAD. Drawing on elastic foundation beam theory, we formulate a mathematical model for orthogonal cutting in LAD, characterizing cutting forces. Combining these findings with experiments, we elucidate LAD's CFRP drilling mechanism, identifying six drilling stages by tool depth. Our investigation covers facets including cutting forces, temperatures, exit delamination, and hole surface quality, holistically evaluating LAD's benefits. This research sheds light on LAD's intrinsic drilling characteristics for CFRP, highlighting its potential for innovation and application in CFRP drilling. The combination of experimental validation, innovative modeling, and comprehensive analysis solidifies LAD as a breakthrough in advancing CFRP drilling. This study enhances our understanding of LAD's mechanics and its promise for broader industrial use. 

A comparative evaluation of laser assisted drilling CFRP with improved machining mechanism

Deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of graphene/copper laminated composites

Quantitative model for grain boundary effects on strength-electrical conductivity relation

Previous studies have often assumed that the mechanical properties of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) remain unchanged during drilling. In fact, due to the increase in drilling temperature, the mechanical properties of the composites change greatly, and this then affects the critical force. In addition, previous studies have often assumed that the failure mode of CFRP drilling was a type I crack failure. In fact, due to the complexity of the CFRP drilling process, the failure modes are often coupled with different failure modes, so type I cracks alone cannot reflect the actual cracking situation. Therefore, a three-dimensional drilling Finite Element Modeling (FEM) was established to analyze the failure modes of CFRP drilling delamination, and the I/III mode was determined; then, a new drilling critical force mechanics model, which considers the temperature dependence of CFRP mechanical properties and the failure modes of CFRP drilling delamination, was established based on the classical drilling critical force mechanics model; the results of the mechanics model were validated by drilling critical force experiments under different temperatures. The effects of the temperature dependence of CFRP mechanical properties on the drilling critical force were investigated and analyzed.

/pdf/influence-of-the-temperature-dependent-characteristics-of-25gmx9xt.pdf

Influence of the Temperature-Dependent Characteristics of CFRP Mechanical Properties on the Critical Axial Force of Drilling Delamination

Synergistic strengthening in graphene/Cu composites: Simultaneously achieving high strength, high electrical conductivity, and superior thermal stability via dynamic plastic deformation

Nanostructured metals are strong, but have poor ductility and thermal stability, and require extreme preparation conditions. We conceive a strategy of ultrahigh extensibility enabled by van der Waals interface for fabricating bulk nanostructured metals via plastic deformation under moderate conditions. As an example, laminated copper grains are continuously refined to be less than 50 nm in thickness, owing to interlayer sliding of multilayer graphene and co-deformation of CuC along their interfaces in a conventional cold-rolling process. The as-rolled nanostructured copper with 34,000 % deformation degree has superior combination of ultimate tensile strength and electrical conductivity up to (827 MPa, 85.2%IACS), and exhibits extraordinarily thermally stable keeping an average grain size as small as ∼600 nm even after annealing at a temperature near the melting point. This van der Waals interface strategy provides an efficient and industrially scalable route for fabricating high performance bulk nanostructured metals via conventional methods under moderate conditions. 

Multilayer graphene interface enabled ultrahigh extensibility for high performance bulk nanostructured copper

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Influence of the Temperature-Dependent Characteristics of CFRP Mechanical Properties on the Critical Axial Force of Drilling Delamination

Synergistic strengthening in graphene/Cu composites: Simultaneously achieving high strength, high electrical conductivity, and superior thermal stability via dynamic plastic deformation

Multilayer graphene interface enabled ultrahigh extensibility for high performance bulk nanostructured copper