Intrinsic self-sensing concrete and structures: A review

The influence of rheological parameters of cement paste on the dispersion of carbon nanofibers and self-sensing performance

Investigation on the piezoresistive behavior of high-density polyethylene/carbon black films in the elastic and plastic regimes

This paper aims to examine the effect of orientation and alignment of carbon fibers contained in a cement-based sensor under a magnetic field (MF) on the electrical and piezoresistive sensing properties of the resulting cement-based composite. The electrical conductivity and piezoresistive responses in two directions of aligned carbon fiber cement-based composites, i.e., parallel and perpendicular to MF, were measured. The effects of several variables on anisotropic electrical property were studied, e.g. carbon fiber content, humidity and temperature. The cyclic and failure response in different directions were tested. The results indicate that the aligned carbon fiber cement-based sensors exhibit the anisotropic electrical and piezoresistive properties at the same carbon fiber content. At the carbon fiber content of 0.3 wt%, the sensors achieved the maximal anisotropy. The percolation thresholds for the carbon fiber cement-based sensors with MF and without MF have the sequencing order: parallel to MF

Anisotropic electrical and piezoresistive sensing properties of cement-based sensors with aligned carbon fibers

To explore the effects of the content level and particle size of spiky spherical nickel powder on electrical conductivity and piezoresistivity, three types of spiky spherical nickel powder with different particle sizes (3–7 µm, 2.6–3.3 µm and 2.2–2.8 µm) were dispersed into the cement–matrix to fabricate the nickel powder filled cement-based composites/sensors. Experimental results indicate that a high content level and a small practical size are beneficial for the improvement of electrically conductivity. The piezoresistive sensitivities of composites/sensors with 20, 24 and 22 vol% of nickel powder increase orderly when nickel powder particle size is in the range of 3–7 µm. The piezoresistive sensitivities of composites/sensors with different particle sizes of nickel powder decrease with an increase of nickel powder particle sizes at 24 vol% of nickel powder content level. The piezoresistive sensitivity is highly dependent on the conductive network in the composites, which is dominated by the content level and the particle size of the spiky spherical nickel powder.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0964-1726/19/6/065012/pdf

Effects of the content level and particle size of nickel powder on the piezoresistivity of cement-based composites/sensors

New flexible sensitive materials research in the tactile sensor especially in the field of robot sensor has a very important role. From the perspective of macro and microscopic theory, this paper studies the conductive mechanism based on the pressure-sensitive conductive composite material of such flexible tactile sensor, through the experiment of adding conductive filled composite materials of different contents, determine the carbon black filler content of the pressure-sensitive conductive composite material in insulation zone, percolation zone and conductive zone. By utilizing the general effective media (GEM) and quantum tunnel effect theory, it explains the conductive characteristics and piezoresistive characteristics of the carbon black filled pressure-sensitive conductive composite material. It studies the influence of the temperature to conductive performance of the pressure-sensitive composite material according to the conductive mechanism of the pressure-sensitive conductive composite material, which provides theoretical foundation for researches of such new flexible tactile sensor material.

Conductive mechanism research based on pressure-sensitive conductive composite material for flexible tactile sensing

The invention provides a touch sensor based on flexible voltage-sensing conductive rubber. The invention is characterized in that a sensing unit has a structure form that: a flexible circuit board is used as a motherboard, the disc-shaped flexible voltage-sensing conductive rubber is arranged on the flexible circuit board and is electrically connected with an electrode distributed on the flexible circuit board, a stress surface at the top part of the flexible voltage-sensing conductive rubber is covered by a force transmitting hemisphere; the flexible circuit board is in a four-electrode structure, wherein, a public electrode A is a center circle electrode which is positioned on the concentric position together with the disc-shaped flexible voltage-sensing conductive rubber, a signal electrode B, a signal electrode C, and a signal electrode D which are at an angle of 120 degrees between every two are fan-shaped electrodes that are evenly distributed on a same torus of the periphery of the public electrode A. The invention relates to the touch sensor which has the advantages of strong surface suitability, high reliability, simple signal collecting circuit, and convenient manufacture, and also can be used for the three dimensional force detection.

Touch sensor based on flexible pressure-sensitive conductive rubber

Two Types of tactile sensor of robot that can measure three-dimension force based on pressure sensitive conductive rubber are proposed. The two effects of the body piezoresistive and the interface piezoresistive of pressure sensitive conductive rubber were researched and compared. A type of single-layer and a type of multi-layer net tactile sensor array of robot according to piezoresistive effects have been designed. We have herein obtained the mathematical models of calculating three dimension forces for two different array structures. The tactile sensor units were made and the change of output resistances of pressure sensitive conductive rubber of sensor array unit have been obtained under the action of three dimensional forces. The experimental results and applications for two tactile sensor arrays were analysed. Results show that the flexible tactile sensor for robot has a simple design, fine flexibility, and can measure the information of three-dimensional force.

Two Types of flexible tactile sensor arrays of robot for three-dimension force based on piezoresistive effects

A method of measure the information of three-dimensional force tactile sensing based on flexible pressure sensitive conductive rubber has been presented. The conductive mechanism and piezoresistivity of flexible pressure sensitive conductive rubber ware analyzed. A new type three dimensional force net array structure of flexible tactile sensor of robot sensitive skin has been designed. The mechanics model of the three-dimensional force has been found. Through experimental study the three-dimensional force based on the tactile sensor units, the change output resistances of pressure sensitive conductive rubber of sensor array unit have been obtained under action of three dimensional forces. All which provided the effective basis for the confirmation experiment result and the new structural design. The results show that pressure-sensitive conductive rubber with fine electrical and mechanical properties for flexible tactile sensors. The robot sensitive skin using this material feels like the skin of human being and measure the information of multidimensional force.

Three-dimensional force flexible tactile sensor Based on robot sensitive skin

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Conductive mechanism research based on pressure-sensitive conductive composite material for flexible tactile sensing

Touch sensor based on flexible pressure-sensitive conductive rubber

Two Types of flexible tactile sensor arrays of robot for three-dimension force based on piezoresistive effects

Three-dimensional force flexible tactile sensor Based on robot sensitive skin