Carbon-based nanomaterials have been widely used as catalysts or catalyst supports in the chemical industry or for energy or environmental applications due to their fascinating properties. High surface areas, tunable porosity, and functionalization are considered to be crucial to enhance the catalytic performance of carbon-based materials. Recently, the newly emerging metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) built from metal ions and polyfunctional organic ligands have proved to be promising self-sacrificing templates and precursors for preparing various carbon-based nanomaterials, benefiting from their high BET surface areas, abundant metal/organic species, large pore volumes, and extraordinary tunability of structures and compositions. In comparison with other carbon-based catalysts, MOF-derived carbon-based nanomaterials have great advantages in terms of tailorable morphologies and hierarchical porosity and easy functionalization with other heteroatoms and metal/metal oxides, which make them highly efficient as...

Development of MOF-Derived Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Efficient Catalysis

The thermal transformation of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) generates a variety of nanostructured materials, including carbon-based materials, metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, metal phosphides and metal carbides. These derivatives of MOFs have characteristics such as high surface areas, permanent porosities and controllable functionalities that enable their good performance in sensing, gas storage, catalysis and energy-related applications. Although progress has been made to tune the morphologies of MOF-derived structures at the nanometre scale, it remains crucial to further our knowledge of the relationship between morphology and performance. In this Review, we summarize the synthetic strategies and optimized methods that enable control over the size, morphology, composition and structure of the derived nanomaterials. In addition, we compare the performance of materials prepared by the MOF-templated strategy and other synthetic methods. Our aim is to reveal the relationship between the morphology and the physico-chemical properties of MOF-derived nanostructures to optimize their performance for applications such as sensing, catalysis, and energy storage and conversion. Nanomaterials derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) show good performance in sensing, gas storage, catalysis and energy-related applications. In this Review, the influence of the morphology of MOF-derived nanostructures on their performance is elucidated, and the opportunities in this field are discussed.

Nanomaterials derived from metal–organic frameworks

Metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived catalysts for fine chemical production

Ratiometric fluorescence sensing of metal-organic frameworks: Tactics and perspectives

The use of metal organic frameworks as hard templates for the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts is thoroughly reviewed. In this critical article, the main factors to consider when using a MOF as a sacrificial template are first discussed. Then, the existing literature on the topic is reviewed, classifying the different examples according to the MOF metal. Finally, the main advantages, limitations and perspectives of the so-called MOF mediated synthesis are outlined.

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Metal organic frameworks as precursors for the manufacture of advanced catalytic materials

A smart strategy to fabricate Ru nanoparticle inserted porous carbon nanofibers as highly efficient levulinic acid hydrogenation catalysts

Herein we propose a novel in situ N-doping method to develop a new type of mesoporous N-doped carbons constructed by direct pyrolysis of properly rigid strut N-rich metal–organic frameworks at 950 °C. This facile fabrication method creates doped N that is evenly dispersed on mesoporous carbons (≈4.0 nm) formed simultaneously without the need for a second carbon precursor, external nitrogen supplier, or pore-forming agent. The resulting mesoporous N-doped carbons bear a low N content but a high proportion of graphitic N species and exhibit superior catalytic performance toward the reduction of 4-nitrophenol relative to that shown by previously reported metal catalysts and N-doped graphene. The ensemble effect of the mesostructured framework and effective N doping is responsible for the excellent performance, as better diffusion, adsorption, and activation of 4-nitrophenol in wastewaters are achieved through the elaborately fabricated mesoporous N-doped carbons.

Facile Construction of Mesoporous N‐Doped Carbons as Highly Efficient 4‐Nitrophenol Reduction Catalysts

Nickel/nanoporous carbon (Ni/NPC) composites are facilely prepared by direct pyrolysis of nonporous heterobimetallic zinc–nickel–terephthalate frameworks (Zn1−xNixMOF, x≈0–1, MOF=metal–organic framework) at 1223 K in situ. Tailoring the Ni/Zn ratio creates densely populated and small Ni nanocrystals (Ni NCs) while maintaining sufficient porosity and surface area in the final product, which exhibits the largest activity factor (9.2 s−1 g−1) and excellent stability toward 4‐nitrophenol reduction.

Heterobimetallic Metal–Organic Framework as a Precursor to Prepare a Nickel/Nanoporous Carbon Composite Catalyst for 4‐Nitrophenol Reduction

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A smart strategy to fabricate Ru nanoparticle inserted porous carbon nanofibers as highly efficient levulinic acid hydrogenation catalysts

Facile Construction of Mesoporous N‐Doped Carbons as Highly Efficient 4‐Nitrophenol Reduction Catalysts

Heterobimetallic Metal–Organic Framework as a Precursor to Prepare a Nickel/Nanoporous Carbon Composite Catalyst for 4‐Nitrophenol Reduction